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Resistive random-access memory (RRAM) provides an excellent platform for analog matrix computing (AMC), enabling both matrix-vector multiplication (MVM) and the solution of matrix equations through open-loop and closed-loop circuit…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-05 Pushen Zuo , Zhong Sun

Deep neural networks (DNN) have demonstrated effectiveness for various applications such as image processing, video segmentation, and speech recognition. Running state-of-the-art DNNs on current systems mostly relies on either…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-04-15 Mohsen Imani , Mohammad Samragh , Yeseong Kim , Saransh Gupta , Farinaz Koushanfar , Tajana Rosing

Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) offer significant promise for generating photorealistic images and videos. However, existing mainstream neural rendering models often fall short in meeting the demands for immediacy and power efficiency in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Fangxin Liu , Haomin Li , Bowen Zhu , Zongwu Wang , Zhuoran Song , Habing Guan , Li Jiang

Crossbar-based in-memory computing (IMC) has emerged as a promising platform for hardware acceleration of deep neural networks (DNNs). However, the energy and latency of IMC systems are dominated by the large overhead of the peripheral…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Ethan G Rogers , Sohan Salahuddin Mugdho , Kshemal Kshemendra Gupte , Cheng Wang

Artificial neural networks have become ubiquitous in modern life, which has triggered the emergence of a new class of application specific integrated circuits for their acceleration. ReRAM-based accelerators have gained significant traction…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-14 Jason K. Eshraghian , Sung-Mo Kang , Seungbum Baek , Garrick Orchard , Herbert Ho-Ching Iu , Wen Lei

Traditional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) typically use the same activation function (usually ReLU) for all neurons with non-linear mapping operations. For example, the deep convolutional architecture Inception-v4 uses ReLU. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-31 Luna M. Zhang

Second-order optimization methods, which leverage curvature information, offer faster and more stable convergence than first-order methods such as stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and Adam. However, their practical adoption is hindered by…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Saitao Zhang , Yubiao Luo , Shiqing Wang , Pushen Zuo , Yongxiang Li , Lunshuai Pan , Zheng Miao , Zhong Sun

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have made breakthroughs in various fields including image recognition and language processing. DNNs execute hundreds of millions of multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations. To efficiently accelerate such…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-08 Amro Eldebiky , Grace Li Zhang , Xunzhao Yin , Cheng Zhuo , Ing-Chao Lin , Ulf Schlichtmann , Bing Li

Transformer models represent the cutting edge of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and excel in a wide range of machine learning tasks. However, processing these models demands significant computational resources and results in a substantial…

With the widespread use of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), machine learning algorithms have evolved in two diverse directions -- one with ever-increasing connection density for better accuracy and the other with more compact sizing for energy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Gokul Krishnan , Sumit K. Mandal , Chaitali Chakrabarti , Jae-sun Seo , Umit Y. Ogras , Yu Cao

Emerging resistive random-access memory (ReRAM) has recently been intensively investigated to accelerate the processing of deep neural networks (DNNs). Due to the in-situ computation capability, analog ReRAM crossbars yield significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Jingyang Zhang , Huanrui Yang , Fan Chen , Yitu Wang , Hai Li

Deep learning has proved successful in many applications but suffers from high computational demands and requires custom accelerators for deployment. Crossbar-based analog in-memory architectures are attractive for acceleration of deep…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Timur Ibrayev , Isha Garg , Indranil Chakraborty , Kaushik Roy

Computing in-memory (CiM) has emerged as an attractive technique to mitigate the von-Neumann bottleneck. Current digital CiM approaches for in-memory operands are based on multi-wordline assertion for computing bit-wise Boolean functions…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Akul Malhotra , Atanu K. Saha , Chunguang Wang , Sumeet K. Gupta

In memory computing (IMC) architectures for deep learning (DL) accelerators leverage energy-efficient and highly parallel matrix vector multiplication (MVM) operations, implemented directly in memory arrays. Such IMC designs have been…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Arkapravo Ghosh , Hemkar Reddy Sadana , Mukut Debnath , Panthadip Maji , Shubham Negi , Sumeet Gupta , Mrigank Sharad , Kaushik Roy

In-memory computing (IMC) with non-volatile memories (NVMs) has emerged as a promising approach to address the rapidly growing computational demands of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Mapping DNN layers spatially onto NVM-based IMC…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Abinand Nallathambi , Christin David Bose , Wilfried Haensch , Anand Raghunathan

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are an important class of neural networks designed to retain and incorporate context into current decisions. RNNs are particularly well suited for machine learning problems in which context is important,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-22 Mohammad Hossein Samavatian , Anys Bacha , Li Zhou , Radu Teodorescu

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are bio-plausible models that hold great potential for realizing energy-efficient implementations of sequential tasks on resource-constrained edge devices. However, commercial edge platforms based on standard…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Marco Paul E. Apolinario , Adarsh Kumar Kosta , Utkarsh Saxena , Kaushik Roy

The last decade has witnessed the breakthrough of deep neural networks (DNNs) in many fields. With the increasing depth of DNNs, hundreds of millions of multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations need to be executed. To accelerate such…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Amro Eldebiky , Grace Li Zhang , Georg Boecherer , Bing Li , Ulf Schlichtmann

We propose both serial and parallel proximal (linearized) alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithms for training residual neural networks. In contrast to backpropagation-based approaches, our methods inherently mitigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Jintao Xu , Yifei Li , Wenxun Xing

The computation and memory-intensive nature of DNNs limits their use in many mobile and embedded contexts. Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) hardware accelerators employ matrix multiplication units (such as the systolic arrays)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Ruiqi Sun , Yinchen Ni , Xin He , Jie Zhao , An Zou