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Discrete speech tokens have gained attention for their storage efficiency and integration with Large Language Models (LLMs). They are commonly categorized into acoustic and semantic tokens, with the latter being more advantageous for…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-04 Mohan Shi , Natarajan Balaji Shankar , Kaiyuan Zhang , Zilai Wang , Abeer Alwan

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems frequently use a search-based decoding strategy aiming to find the best attainable transcript by considering multiple candidates. One prominent speech recognition decoding heuristic is beam search,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Tomer Wullach , Shlomo E. Chazan

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has demonstrated its effectiveness in learning representations through comparison methods that align with human intuition. However, mainstream SSL methods heavily rely on high body datasets with single label,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Jiale Chen

In this work, we study the features extracted by English self-supervised learning (SSL) models in cross-lingual contexts and propose a new metric to predict the quality of feature representations. Using automatic speech recognition (ASR) as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Shuyue Stella Li , Beining Xu , Xiangyu Zhang , Hexin Liu , Wenhan Chao , Leibny Paola Garcia

Masked latent prediction has emerged as a leading paradigm in self-supervised learning (SSL), especially for general audio and music representation learning. While recent methods have demonstrated strong performance, the role of the…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Aurian Quelennec , Pierre Chouteau , Geoffroy Peeters , Slim Essid

The fundamental goal of self-supervised learning (SSL) is to produce useful representations of data without access to any labels for classifying the data. Modern methods in SSL, which form representations based on known or constructed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Bobak T. Kiani , Randall Balestriero , Yubei Chen , Seth Lloyd , Yann LeCun

We present the SUPERB challenge at SLT 2022, which aims at learning self-supervised speech representation for better performance, generalization, and efficiency. The challenge builds upon the SUPERB benchmark and implements metrics to…

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is seen as a very promising approach with high performance for several speech downstream tasks. Since the parameters of SSL models are generally so large that training and inference require a lot of memory and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Takanori Ashihara , Takafumi Moriya , Kohei Matsuura , Tomohiro Tanaka

Research on speech processing has traditionally considered the task of designing hand-engineered acoustic features (feature engineering) as a separate distinct problem from the task of designing efficient machine learning (ML) models to…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Siddique Latif , Rajib Rana , Sara Khalifa , Raja Jurdak , Junaid Qadir , Björn W. Schuller

We present a frontend for improving robustness of automatic speech recognition (ASR), that jointly implements three modules within a single model: acoustic echo cancellation, speech enhancement, and speech separation. This is achieved by…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-22 Tom O'Malley , Arun Narayanan , Quan Wang , Alex Park , James Walker , Nathan Howard

Multilingual end-to-end(E2E) models have shown a great potential in the expansion of the language coverage in the realm of automatic speech recognition(ASR). In this paper, we aim to enhance the multilingual ASR performance in two ways,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Rimita Lahiri , Kenichi Kumatani , Eric Sun , Yao Qian

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has recently allowed leveraging large datasets of unlabeled speech signals to reach impressive performance on speech tasks using only small amounts of annotated data. The high number of proposed approaches…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-02 Salah Zaiem , Youcef Kemiche , Titouan Parcollet , Slim Essid , Mirco Ravanelli

In Self-Supervised Learning (SSL), various pretext tasks are designed for learning feature representations through contrastive loss. However, previous studies have shown that this loss is less tolerant to semantically similar samples due to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-07 Shanshan Wang , Soumya Tripathy , Annamaria Mesaros

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) has seen remarkable advancements with deep neural networks, such as Transformer and Conformer. However, these models typically have large model sizes and high inference costs, posing a challenge to deploy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Huiqiang Jiang , Li Lyna Zhang , Yuang Li , Yu Wu , Shijie Cao , Ting Cao , Yuqing Yang , Jinyu Li , Mao Yang , Lili Qiu

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) using huge unlabeled data has been successfully explored for image and natural language processing. Recent works also investigated SSL from speech. They were notably successful to improve performance on…

Although Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems have achieved human-like performance for a few languages, the majority of the world's languages do not have usable systems due to the lack of large speech datasets to train these models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Hemant Yadav , Sunayana Sitaram

Automatic speech recognition can potentially benefit from the lip motion patterns, complementing acoustic speech to improve the overall recognition performance, particularly in noise. In this paper we propose an audio-visual fusion strategy…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-05-02 George Sterpu , Christian Saam , Naomi Harte

Self-supervised learning (SSL) based speech pre-training has attracted much attention for its capability of extracting rich representations learned from massive unlabeled data. On the other hand, the use of weakly-supervised data is less…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-30 Wangyou Zhang , Yanmin Qian

Prior works have investigated the use of articulatory features as complementary representations for automatic speech recognition (ASR), but their use was largely confined to shallow acoustic models. In this work, we revisit articulatory…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-13 Ahmed Adel Attia , Jing Liu , Carol Espy Wilson

While deepfake speech detectors built on large self-supervised learning (SSL) models achieve high accuracy, employing standard ensemble fusion to further enhance robustness often results in oversized systems with diminishing returns. To…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Vojtěch Staněk , Martin Perešíni , Lukáš Sekanina , Anton Firc , Kamil Malinka