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Pretraining on large-scale, in-domain datasets grants histopathology foundation models (FM) the ability to learn task-agnostic data representations, enhancing transfer learning on downstream tasks. In computational pathology, automated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Pablo Meseguer , Rocío del Amor , Valery Naranjo

Developing self-supervised learning (SSL) models that can learn universal and transferable representations of H&E gigapixel whole-slide images (WSIs) is becoming increasingly valuable in computational pathology. These models hold the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-07 Guillaume Jaume , Anurag Vaidya , Andrew Zhang , Andrew H. Song , Richard J. Chen , Sharifa Sahai , Dandan Mo , Emilio Madrigal , Long Phi Le , Faisal Mahmood

Whole Slide Imaging (WSI) is a cornerstone of digital pathology, offering detailed insights critical for diagnosis and research. Yet, the gigapixel size of WSIs imposes significant computational challenges, limiting their practical utility.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-15 Ravi Kant Gupta , Shounak Das , Amit Sethi

Since the emergence of the ImageNet dataset, the pretraining and fine-tuning approach has become widely adopted in computer vision due to the ability of ImageNet-pretrained models to learn a wide variety of visual features. However, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Pablo Meseguer , Rocío del Amor , Adrian Colomer , Valery Naranjo

Deep learning enables the modelling of high-resolution histopathology whole-slide images (WSI). Weakly supervised learning of tile-level data is typically applied for tasks where labels only exist on the patient or WSI level (e.g. patient…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-09 Abhinav Sharma , Bojing Liu , Mattias Rantalainen

Computational pathology has advanced rapidly in recent years, driven by domain-specific image encoders and growing interest in using vision-language models to answer natural-language questions about diseases. Yet, the core problem behind…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Wentao Huang , Weimin Lyu , Peiliang Lou , Qingqiao Hu , Xiaoling Hu , Shahira Abousamra , Wenchao Han , Ruifeng Guo , Jiawei Zhou , Chao Chen , Chen Wang

We present a novel diffusion-based approach to generate synthetic histopathological Whole Slide Images (WSIs) at an unprecedented gigapixel scale. Synthetic WSIs have many potential applications: They can augment training datasets to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-15 Robert Harb , Thomas Pock , Heimo Müller

Whole-slide image (WSI) classification in computational pathology is commonly formulated as slide-level Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) with a single global bag representation. However, slide-level MIL is fundamentally underconstrained:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Syed Fahim Ahmed , Gnanesh Rasineni , Florian Koehler , Abu Zahid Bin Aziz , Mei Wang , Attila Gyulassy , Brian Summa , J. Quincy Brown , Valerio Pascucci , Shireen Y. Elhabian

Due to the lack of fine-grained annotation guidance, current Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) struggles to establish a robust causal relationship between Whole Slide Image (WSI) diagnosis and evidence sub-images, just like fully supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Tianhang Nan , Yong Ding , Hao Quan , Deliang Li , Lisha Li , Guanghong Zhao , Xiaoyu Cui

Training neural networks with high-quality pixel-level annotation in histopathology whole-slide images (WSI) is an expensive process due to gigapixel resolution of WSIs. However, recent advances in self-supervised learning have shown that…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-27 Nohemi Sofia Leon Contreras , Marina D'Amato , Francesco Ciompi , Clement Grisi , Witali Aswolinskiy , Simona Vatrano , Filippo Fraggetta , Iris Nagtegaal

Histomorphology is crucial in cancer diagnosis. However, existing whole slide image (WSI) classification methods struggle to effectively incorporate histomorphology information, limiting their ability to capture key pathological features.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Baizhi Wang , Rui Yan , Wenxin Ma , Xu Zhang , Yuhao Wang , Xiaolong Li , Yunjie Gu , Zihang Jiang , S. Kevin Zhou

Digital pathology archives increasingly contain multiple whole-slide images (WSIs) per case, capturing spatially distinct tumour regions and reflecting intrinsic morphological heterogeneity. However, most existing approaches rely on a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zahra Rahimi Afzal , Wataru Uegami , Saghir Alfasly , Saba Yasir , Judy C. Boughey , Matthew P. Goetz , Krishna R. Kalari , H. R. Tizhoosh

Multiple instance learning (MIL) significantly reduced annotation costs via bag-level weak labels for large-scale images, such as histopathological whole slide images (WSIs). However, its adaptability to continual tasks with minimal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Byung Hyun Lee , Wongi Jeong , Woojae Han , Kyoungbun Lee , Se Young Chun

Current multi-instance learning algorithms for pathology image analysis often require a substantial number of Whole Slide Images for effective training but exhibit suboptimal performance in scenarios with limited learning data. In clinical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Linhao Qu , Dingkang Yang , Dan Huang , Qinhao Guo , Rongkui Luo , Shaoting Zhang , Xiaosong Wang

Classification of gigapixel Whole Slide Images (WSIs) is an important prediction task in the emerging area of computational pathology. There has been a surge of research in deep learning models for WSI classification with clinical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Sajid Javed , Arif Mahmood , Talha Qaiser , Naoufel Werghi , Nasir Rajpoot

The visual examination of tissue biopsy sections is fundamental for cancer diagnosis, with pathologists analyzing sections at multiple magnifications to discern tumor cells and their subtypes. However, existing attention-based multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Olga Fourkioti , Matt De Vries , Chen Jin , Daniel C. Alexander , Chris Bakal

Recent advancements in Digital Pathology (DP), particularly through artificial intelligence and Foundation Models, have underscored the importance of large-scale, diverse, and richly annotated datasets. Despite their critical role, publicly…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-20 Dmitry Nechaev , Alexey Pchelnikov , Ekaterina Ivanova

Representation learning from Gigapixel Whole Slide Images (WSI) poses a significant challenge in computational pathology due to the complicated nature of tissue structures and the scarcity of labeled data. Multi-instance learning methods…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-28 Ali Nasiri-Sarvi , Vincent Quoc-Huy Trinh , Hassan Rivaz , Mahdi S. Hosseini

Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification has very significant applications in clinical pathology, e.g., tumor identification and cancer diagnosis. Currently, most research attention is focused on Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) using static…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Jiaxiang Gou , Luping Ji , Pei Liu , Mao Ye

In computational pathology, multiple instance learning (MIL) is widely used to circumvent the computational impasse in giga-pixel whole slide image (WSI) analysis. It usually consists of two stages: patch-level feature extraction and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-21 Beidi Zhao , Wenlong Deng , Zi Han , Li , Chen Zhou , Zuhua Gao , Gang Wang , Xiaoxiao Li
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