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We revisit the performance of template-based APR to build comprehensive knowledge about the effectiveness of fix patterns, and to highlight the importance of complementary steps such as fault localization or donor code retrieval. To that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Kui Liu , Anil Koyuncu , Dongsun Kim , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé

Security vulnerability repair is a difficult task that is in dire need of automation. Two groups of techniques have shown promise: (1) large code language models (LLMs) that have been pre-trained on source code for tasks such as code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Yi Wu , Nan Jiang , Hung Viet Pham , Thibaud Lutellier , Jordan Davis , Lin Tan , Petr Babkin , Sameena Shah

Due to the promising future of Automated Program Repair (APR), researchers have proposed various APR techniques, including heuristic-based, template-based, and constraint-based techniques. Among such classic APR techniques, template-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Chunqiu Steven Xia , Lingming Zhang

Current learning-based Automated Vulnerability Repair (AVR) approaches, while promising, often fail to generalize effectively in real-world scenarios. Our diagnostic analysis reveals three fundamental weaknesses in state-of-the-art AVR…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Chengran Yang , Ting Zhang , Jinfeng Jiang , Xin Zhou , Haoye Tian , Mingzhe Du , Jieke Shi , Junkai Chen , Yikun Li , Eng Lieh Ouh , Lwin Khin Shar , David Lo

The increasing complexity of software has led to the steady growth of vulnerabilities. Vulnerability repair investigates how to fix software vulnerabilities. Manual vulnerability repair is labor-intensive and time-consuming because it…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Yiwei Hu , Zhen Li , Kedie Shu , Shenghua Guan , Deqing Zou , Shouhuai Xu , Bin Yuan , Hai Jin

Software vulnerabilities are flaws in computer software systems that pose significant threats to the integrity, security, and reliability of modern software and its application data. These vulnerabilities can lead to substantial economic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Penghui Liu , Yingzhou Bi , Jiangtao Huang , Xinxin Jiang , Lianmei Wang

The identification of vulnerabilities is an important element in the software development life cycle to ensure the security of software. While vulnerability identification based on the source code is a well studied field, the identification…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Andreas Schaad , Dominik Binder

Software debugging, and program repair are among the most time-consuming and labor-intensive tasks in software engineering that would benefit a lot from automation. In this paper, we propose a novel automated program repair approach based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Ehsan Mashhadi , Hadi Hemmati

Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated strong potential for automated program repair (APR). However, existing LLM-based techniques primarily rely on coarse-grained external feedback (e.g.,test results) to guide iterative…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jiaolong Kong , Xiaofei Xie , Yiheng Xiong , Yuekun Wang , Jian Wang

In the past decade, research on test-suite-based automatic program repair has grown significantly. Each year, new approaches and implementations are featured in major software engineering venues. However, most of those approaches are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Thomas Durieux , Fernanda Madeiral , Matias Martinez , Rui Abreu

The increasing prevalence of software vulnerabilities highlights the need for effective Automatic Vulnerability Repair (AVR) tools. While LLM-based approaches are promising, they struggle to incorporate structured security knowledge from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Jia Li , Zhuangbin Chen , Yuxin Su , Michael R. Lyu

Modern software ecosystems face a rapidly growing number of disclosed vulnerabilities, increasing the need for automated repair techniques that can operate reliably at repository scale. Although Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents have…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Simiao Liu , Li Zhang , Fang Liu , Xiaoli Lian , Yang Liu , Yinghao Zhu

Software vulnerabilities pose significant security threats, requiring effective mitigation. While Automated Program Repair (APR) has advanced in fixing general bugs, vulnerability patching, a security-critical aspect of APR remains…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Zanis Ali Khan , Aayush Garg , Qiang Tang

The exponential increase in software vulnerabilities has created an urgent need for automatic vulnerability repair (AVR) solutions. Recent research has formulated AVR as a sequence generation problem and has leveraged large language models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Xin-Cheng Wen , Zirui Lin , Yijun Yang , Cuiyun Gao , Deheng Ye

Software vulnerabilities continue to be ubiquitous, even in the era of AI-powered code assistants, advanced static analysis tools, and the adoption of extensive testing frameworks. It has become apparent that we must not simply prevent…

Software plays a crucial role in our daily lives, and therefore the quality and security of software systems have become increasingly important. However, vulnerabilities in software still pose a significant threat, as they can have serious…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Chaozheng Wang , Zongjie Li , Yun Peng , Shuzheng Gao , Sirong Chen , Shuai Wang , Cuiyun Gao , Michael R. Lyu

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for automated vulnerability detection and repair in software systems. This paper investigates the performance of GPT-4o in repairing Java vulnerabilities from a widely…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Gábor Antal , Bence Bogenfürst , Rudolf Ferenc , Péter Hegedűs

The Java libraries JCA and JSSE offer cryptographic APIs to facilitate secure coding. When developers misuse some of the APIs, their code becomes vulnerable to cyber-attacks. To eliminate such vulnerabilities, people built tools to detect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Ying Zhang , Ya Xiao , Md Mahir Asef Kabir , Danfeng , Yao , Na Meng

Automated Program Repair (APR) has emerged as a promising paradigm for reducing debugging time and improving the overall efficiency of software development. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their potential…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Shunyu Liu , Guangdong Bai , Mark Utting , Guowei Yang

Background: Automated Vulnerability Repair (AVR) is a fast-growing branch of program repair. Recent studies show that large language models (LLMs) outperform traditional techniques, extending their success beyond code generation and fault…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Maria Camporese , Fabio Massacci
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