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The highest LHC energies give rise to production of many pairs of hard partons which deposit four-momentum into the expanding fireball matter. We argue that it is necessary to include momentum deposition during fireball evolution into 3+1…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-11-23 Martin Schulc , Boris Tomasik

In this letter, we present the study of the role of octupole deformation in non-spherical nuclei in most-central Pb--Pb collisions at the LHC energy regime. The sensitivity of octupole deformation $\beta_3$ to the QGP observables is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-05-07 Saraswati Pandey , B. K. Singh

We perform high-statistics simulations to study the impacts of nuclear structure on the ratios of anisotropic flow observables in $^{208}$Pb+$^{208}$Pb and $^{129}$Xe+$^{129}$Xe collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Even with $40\%$…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-10-01 Heikki Mäntysaari , Björn Schenke , Chun Shen , Wenbin Zhao

Within the isospin- and momentum-dependent transport model IBUU11, we examine the relativistic retardation effects of electrical fields on the $\pi^{-}/\pi^{+}$ ratio and neutron-proton differential transverse flow in heavy-ion collisions…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-04-09 Gao-Feng Wei , Bao-An Li , Gao-Chan Yong , Li Ou , Xin-Wei Cao , Xu-Yang Liu

We have investigated the performance of anisotropic flows $\langle v_n^2 \rangle$, transverse momentum fluctuations $\langle \delta p_T^2 \rangle $, and their correlations $\langle v_n^2 \delta p_T \rangle$ in central collisions at…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-09-23 Hai-Cheng Wang , Song-Jie Li , Lu-Meng Liu , Jun Xu , Zhong-Zhou Ren

In this paper we propose to thoroughly investigate asymmetric nuclear collisions both in the fixed target mode at the laboratory energy below 5 GeV per nucleon and in the collider mode with a center of mass energy below 11 GeV per nucleon.…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2011-06-21 M. Bleicher , K. A. Bugaev , P. Rau , A. S. Sorin , J. Steinheimer , H. Stoecker

In the hydrodynamic model description of heavy ion collisions, the final-state anisotropic flow $v_n$ are linearly related to the strength of the multi-pole shape of the distribution of nucleons in the transverse plane $\varepsilon_n$,…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-01-19 Jiangyong Jia

Recent experiments have shown that the mean transverse momentum $\langle p_T\rangle$ of outgoing particles increases as a function of the particle multiplicity in ultracentral nucleus-nucleus collisions at collider energies. This increase…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-04-21 Fabian Zhou , Giuliano Giacalone , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

The relative correlation between the magnitudes of elliptic flow ($v_2$) and triangular flow ($v_3$) has been accurately measured in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC collider. As a function of the centrality of the collision, it…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-12-08 Mubarak Alqahtani , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

The observation of jet quenching in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions demonstrates significant energy loss of fast partons when passing through the created medium. Correlations between final-state particles at intermediate transverse…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 Michael P. McCumber

The surface energy is one of the fundamental properties nuclei, appearing in the simplest form of the semi-empirical mass formula. The surface enery has an influence on e.g. the shape of a nucleus and its ability to deform. This in turn…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-04-22 P. D. Stevenson

Recent results connected to nuclear collision dynamics, from low up to relativistic energies, are reviewed. Heavy ion reactions offer the unique opportunity to probe the complex nuclear many-body dynamics and to explore, in laboratory…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-07-15 Maria Colonna

The equation of state of nuclear matter, momentum dependence of the effective interaction and in-medium modification of elastic nucleon-nucleon cross-sections are studied by comparing theoretical predictions for stopping, directed and…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-07-25 Dan Cozma

Within the newly updated version of the ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) model, the transverse-velocity dependence of the elliptic flow of free nucleons from $^{197}$Au+$^{197}$Au collisions at the incident energy 400…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-19 Yongjia Wang , Chenchen Guo , Qingfeng Li , Hongfei Zhang , Y. Leifels , W. Trautmann

We show that flow anisotropies in relativistic heavy-ion collisions can be analyzed using a certain technique of shape analysis of excursion sets recently proposed by us for CMBR fluctuations to investigate anisotropic expansion history of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-03 Ranjita K. Mohapatra , P. S. Saumia , Ajit M. Srivastava

Nuclear modification factor predicts whether a medium is formed in a collision system or not. One may verify, if scaling of momentum (transverse) distribution from heavy-ion systems with incoherent superposition of number of binary…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-10-11 K. Dey , A. N. Mishra , S. K. Tripathy

The impact of momentum anisotropy on the heavy quark transport coefficients due to collisional and radiative processes in the QCD medium has been studied within the ambit of kinetic theory. Anisotropic aspects (momentum) are incorporated…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-05-14 Jai Prakash , Manu Kurian , Santosh K. Das , Vinod Chandra

The anisotropic flow coefficients $v_n$ quantify the collective medium response to the initial spatial anisotropy of the overlapping region in ion collisions and serve as sensitive probes of both the medium properties and shape of nuclear…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2025-09-17 LHCb collaboration

We explore parton collisional effects on the conversion of geometry eccentricities into azimuthal anisotropies in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV using a multi-phase transport model. The initial eccentricity $\varepsilon_{n}$…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-02-04 Long Ma , Guo-Liang Ma , Yu-Gang Ma

Anisotropic flows ($v_2$ and $v_4$) of light nuclear clusters are studied by Isospin-Dependent Quantum Molecular Dynamics model for the system of $^{86}$Kr + $^{124}$Sn at intermediate energy and large impact parameters. Number-of-nucleon…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 T. Z. Yan , Y. G. Ma , X. Z. Cai , J. G. Chen , D. Q. Fang , W. Guo , C. W. Ma , E. J. Ma , W. Q. Shen , W. D. Tian , K. Wang