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High-dimensional mediation analysis aims to identify mediating pathways and to estimate indirect effects linking an exposure to an outcome. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian framework to address key challenges in these analyses,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-13 Youngho Bae , Chanmin Kim , Fenglei Wang , Qi Sun , Kyu Ha Lee

With advances in high-resolution mass spectrometry technologies, metabolomics data are increasingly used to investigate biological mechanisms underlying associations between exposures and health outcomes in clinical and epidemiological…

Applications · Statistics 2025-03-19 Yuzi Zhang , Donghai Liang , Youran Tan , Anne L. Dunlop , Howard H. Chang

We consider Bayesian high-dimensional mediation analysis to identify among a large set of correlated potential mediators the active ones that mediate the effect from an exposure variable to an outcome of interest. Correlations among…

Causal mediation analysis aims to characterize an exposure's effect on an outcome and quantify the indirect effect that acts through a given mediator or a group of mediators of interest. With the increasing availability of measurements on a…

Mediation analysis in causal inference typically concentrates on one binary exposure, using deterministic interventions to split the average treatment effect into direct and indirect effects through a single mediator. Yet, real-world…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-07 David B. McCoy , Alan E. Hubbard , Mark van der Laan , Alejandro Schuler

Mediation analysis seeks to identify and quantify the paths by which an exposure affects an outcome. Intermediate variables which are effected by the exposure and which effect the outcome are known as mediators. There exists extensive work…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-11-13 James P. Long , Ehsan Irajizad , James D. Doecke , Kim-Anh Do , Min Jin Ha

Understanding the pathways through which diet affects human metabolism is a central task in nutritional epidemiology. This article proposes novel methodology to identify food items associated with blood metabolites in two cohorts of…

Analyzing multivariate count data generated by high-throughput sequencing technology in microbiome research studies is challenging due to the high-dimensional and compositional structure of the data and overdispersion. In practice,…

Applications · Statistics 2023-11-03 Jingyan Fu , Matthew D. Koslovsky , Andreas M. Neophytou , Marina Vannucci

Mediation analysis has become an important tool in the behavioral sciences for investigating the role of intermediate variables that lie in the path between a randomized treatment and an outcome variable. The influence of the intermediate…

Mediation analysis aims to identify and estimate the effect of an exposure on an outcome that is mediated through one or more intermediate variables. In the presence of multiple intermediate variables, two pertinent methodological questions…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-06 Allan Jérolon , Flora Alarcon , Florence Pittion , Magali Richard , Olivier François , Etienne E. Birmelé , Vittorio Perduca

Mediation analysis is an important analytic tool commonly used in a broad range of scientific applications. In this article, we study the problem of mediation analysis when there are multivariate and conditionally dependent mediators, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-28 Lan Luo , Chengchun Shi , Jitao Wang , Zhenke Wu , Lexin Li

The goal of causal mediation analysis, often described within the potential outcomes framework, is to decompose the effect of an exposure on an outcome of interest along different causal pathways. Using the assumption of sequential…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-09 Lexi Rene , Antonio R. Linero , Elizabeth Slate

Mediation analysis breaks down the causal effect of a treatment on an outcome into an indirect effect, acting through a third group of variables called mediators, and a direct effect, operating through other mechanisms. Mediation analysis…

Applications · Statistics 2025-05-13 Judith Abécassis , Houssam Zenati , Sami Boumaïza , Julie Josse , Bertrand Thirion

Analyses of causal mediation often involve exposure-induced confounders or, relatedly, multiple mediators. In such applications, researchers aim to estimate a variety of different quantities, including interventional direct and indirect…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-18 Jesse Zhou , Geoffrey T. Wodtke

Intensive longitudinal data, characterized by frequent measurements across numerous time points, are increasingly common due to advances in wearable devices and mobile health technologies. We consider evaluating causal mediation pathways…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-26 Tianchen Qian

Causal mediation analysis of observational data is an important tool for investigating the potential causal effects of medications on disease-related risk factors, and on time-to-death (or disease progression) through these risk factors.…

Brain functional connectome, the collection of interconnected neural circuits along functional networks, is one of the most cutting edge neuroimaging traits, and has a potential to play a mediating role within the effect pathway between an…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-01-28 Yize Zhao , Tianqi Chen , Jiachen Cai , Sarah Lichenstein , Marc Potenza , Sarah Yip

Mediation analysis has become a widely used method for identifying the pathways through which an independent variable influences a dependent variable via intermediate mediators. However, limited research addresses the case where mediators…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-10 Rui Ren , Haoyi Yang , Qian Xiao , Lingzhou Xue , Yuan Huang

Deciding on an appropriate intervention requires a causal model of a treatment, the outcome, and potential mediators. Causal mediation analysis lets us distinguish between direct and indirect effects of the intervention, but has mostly been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Çağlar Hızlı , ST John , Anne Juuti , Tuure Saarinen , Kirsi Pietiläinen , Pekka Marttinen

Causal mediation analysis can improve understanding of the mechanisms underlying epidemiologic associations. However, the utility of natural direct and indirect effect estimation has been limited by the assumption of no confounder of the…

Applications · Statistics 2020-06-16 Kara E. Rudolph , Oleg Sofrygin , Wenjing Zheng , Mark J. van der Laan
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