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Sign languages are multi-channel languages that communicate information through not just the hands (manual signals) but also facial expressions and upper body movements (non-manual signals). However, since automatic sign language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Jung-Ho Kim , Mathew Huerta-Enochian , Changyong Ko , Du Hui Lee

Sign Language Translation (SLT) aims to convert sign language videos into spoken or written text. While early systems relied on gloss annotations as an intermediate supervision, such annotations are costly to obtain and often fail to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Ozge Mercanoglu Sincan , Richard Bowden

A machine can understand human activities, and the meaning of signs can help overcome the communication barriers between the inaudible and ordinary people. Sign Language Recognition (SLR) is a fascinating research area and a crucial task…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-02 M. Madhiarasan , Partha Pratim Roy

Creating machines capable of understanding the world in 3D is essential in assisting designers that build and edit 3D environments and robots navigating and interacting within a three-dimensional space. Inspired by advances in language and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Aadarsh Sahoo , Vansh Tibrewal , Georgia Gkioxari

The absence of effective communication the deaf population represents the main social gap in this community. Furthermore, the sign language, main deaf communication tool, is unlettered, i.e., there is no formal written representation. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Fredy Alejandro Mendoza López , Jefferson Rodriguez , Fabio Martínez

Like spoken languages, a single sign language expression could correspond to multiple valid textual interpretations. Hence, learning a rigid one-to-one mapping for sign language translation (SLT) models might be inadequate, particularly in…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Xin Shen , Lei Shen , Shaozu Yuan , Heming Du , Haiyang Sun , Xin Yu

Sign language recognition (SLR) is a weakly supervised task that annotates sign videos as textual glosses. Recent studies show that insufficient training caused by the lack of large-scale available sign datasets becomes the main bottleneck…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Jiangbin Zheng , Yile Wang , Cheng Tan , Siyuan Li , Ge Wang , Jun Xia , Yidong Chen , Stan Z. Li

This paper presents a real-time American Sign Language (ASL) recognition system utilizing a hybrid deep learning architecture combining 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (3D CNN) with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. The system…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Dawnena Key

The count of people suffering from various levels of hearing loss reached 1.57 billion in 2019. This huge number tends to suffer on many personal and professional levels and strictly needs to be included with the rest of society healthily.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-20 Basma Kalandar , Ziemowit Dworakowski

Despite existing pioneering works on sign language translation (SLT), there is a non-trivial obstacle, i.e., the limited quantity of parallel sign-text data. To tackle this parallel data bottleneck, we propose a sign back-translation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Hao Zhou , Wengang Zhou , Weizhen Qi , Junfu Pu , Houqiang Li

Sign Language Translation (SLT) attempts to convert sign language videos into spoken sentences. However, many existing methods struggle with the disparity between visual and textual representations during end-to-end learning. Gloss-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Sobhan Asasi , Mohamed Ilyes Lakhal , Richard Bowden

Generating natural and linguistically accurate sign language avatars remains a formidable challenge. Current Sign Language Production (SLP) frameworks face a stark trade-off: direct text-to-pose models suffer from regression-to-the-mean…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Jianhe Low , Alexandre Symeonidis-Herzig , Maksym Ivashechkin , Ozge Mercanoglu Sincan , Richard Bowden

Sign language translation (SLT), which generates text in a spoken language from visual content in a sign language, is important to assist the hard-of-hearing community for their communications. Inspired by neural machine translation (NMT),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Jichao Kan , Kun Hu , Markus Hagenbuchner , Ah Chung Tsoi , Mohammed Bennamounm , Zhiyong Wang

Solving text classification in a weakly supervised manner is important for real-world applications where human annotations are scarce. In this paper, we propose to query a masked language model with cloze style prompts to obtain supervision…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Ziqian Zeng , Weimin Ni , Tianqing Fang , Xiang Li , Xinran Zhao , Yangqiu Song

We have come up with a research that hopes to provide a bridge between the users of American Sign Language and the users of spoken language and Indian Sign Language (ISL). The research enabled us to create a novel framework that we have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Malay Kumar , S. Sarvajit Visagan , Tanish Sarang Mahajan , Anisha Natarajan

Sign Language Translation (SLT) is a task that has not been studied relatively much compared to the study of Sign Language Recognition (SLR). However, the SLR is a study that recognizes the unique grammar of sign language, which is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Youngmin Kim , Minji Kwak , Dain Lee , Yeongeun Kim , Hyeongboo Baek

The advances in automatic sign language translation (SLT) to spoken languages have been mostly benchmarked with datasets of limited size and restricted domains. Our work advances the state of the art by providing the first baseline results…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Laia Tarrés , Gerard I. Gállego , Amanda Duarte , Jordi Torres , Xavier Giró-i-Nieto

New deep-learning architectures are created every year, achieving state-of-the-art results in image recognition and leading to the belief that, in a few years, complex tasks such as sign language translation will be considerably easier,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-05 Alvaro Leandro Cavalcante Carneiro , Lucas de Brito Silva , Denis Henrique Pinheiro Salvadeo

Models of sign language have historically lagged behind those for spoken language (text and speech). Recent work has greatly improved their performance on tasks like sign language translation and isolated sign recognition. However, it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Serpil Karabüklü , Kanishka Misra , Shester Gueuwou , Diane Brentari , Greg Shakhnarovich , Karen Livescu

Recent efforts target spoken language models (SLMs) that not only listen but also speak for more natural human-LLM interaction. Joint speech-text modeling is a promising direction to achieve this. However, the effectiveness of recent speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Liang-Hsuan Tseng , Yi-Chang Chen , Kuan-Yi Lee , Da-Shan Shiu , Hung-yi Lee