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While long-context inference is crucial for advancing large language model (LLM) applications, its prefill speed remains a significant bottleneck. Current approaches, including sequence parallelism strategies and compute reduction through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yuxiang Huang , Mingye Li , Xu Han , Chaojun Xiao , Weilin Zhao , Sun Ao , Hao Zhou , Jie Zhou , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

LLM agents have shown strong performance across a wide range of complex tasks, including interactive environments that require long-horizon decision making. But these agents cannot learn on the fly at test time. Self-evolving agents address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yibo Li , Jiashuo Yang , Zhi Zheng , Zhiyuan Hu , Yuan Sui , Shizun Wang , Yufei He , Bryan Hooi

In large language model (LLM) training, several parallelization strategies, including Tensor Parallelism (TP), Pipeline Parallelism (PP), Data Parallelism (DP), as well as Sequence Parallelism (SP) and Context Parallelism (CP), are employed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Kazuki Fujii , Kohei Watanabe , Rio Yokota

APENEXT is a new generation APE processor, optimized for LGT simulations. The project follows the basic ideas of previous APE machines and develops simple and cheap parallel systems with multi T-Flops processing power. This paper describes…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) extend LLMs to handle images, videos, and audio by incorporating feature extractors and projection modules. However, these additional components -- combined with complex inference pipelines and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zedong Liu , Shenggan Cheng , Guangming Tan , Yang You , Dingwen Tao

Scaling long-context ability is essential for Large Language Models (LLMs). To amortize the memory consumption across multiple devices in long-context training, inter-data partitioning (a.k.a. Data Parallelism) and intra-data partitioning…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Hao Ge , Junda Feng , Qi Huang , Fangcheng Fu , Xiaonan Nie , Lei Zuo , Haibin Lin , Bin Cui , Xin Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse applications, yet their deployment remains challenging due to substantial computational costs, memory requirements, and energy consumption. Recent empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Kaito Tanaka , Masato Ito , Yuji Nishimura , Keisuke Matsuda , Aya Nakayama

Memory approximation techniques are commonly limited in scope, targeting individual levels of the memory hierarchy. Existing approximation techniques for a full memory hierarchy determine optimal configurations at design-time provided a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Biswadip Maity , Bryan Donyanavard , Anmol Surhonne , Amir Rahmani , Andreas Herkersdorf , Nikil Dutt

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely applied but face challenges in efficient inference. While quantization methods reduce computational demands, ultra-low bit quantization with arbitrary precision is hindered by limited GPU Tensor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Shaobo Ma , Chao Fang , Haikuo Shao , Zhongfeng Wang

Long context training is crucial for LLM's context extension. Existing schemes, such as sequence parallelism, incur substantial communication overhead. Pipeline parallelism (PP) reduces this cost, but its effectiveness hinges on…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Shiju Wang , Yujie Wang , Ao Sun , Fangcheng Fu , Zijian Zhu , Bin Cui , Xu Han , Kaisheng Ma

Large language model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems have demonstrated remarkable promise for tackling complex tasks by breaking them down into subtasks that are iteratively planned, executed, observed, and refined. Despite their…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Enhao Zhang , Erkang Zhu , Gagan Bansal , Adam Fourney , Hussein Mozannar , Jack Gerrits

Training large language models (LLMs) is known to be challenging because of the huge computational and memory capacity requirements. To address these issues, it is common to use a cluster of GPUs with 3D parallelism, which splits a model…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Jinkyu Yim , Jaeyong Song , Yerim Choi , Jaebeen Lee , Jaewon Jung , Hongsun Jang , Jinho Lee

Sequence parallelism (SP) serves as a prevalent strategy to handle long sequences that exceed the memory limit of a single device. However, for linear sequence modeling methods like linear attention, existing SP approaches do not take…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Weigao Sun , Zhen Qin , Dong Li , Xuyang Shen , Yu Qiao , Yiran Zhong

Large-language-models (LLMs) demonstrate enormous utility in long-context tasks which require processing prompts that consist of tens to hundreds of thousands of tokens. However, existing LLM training libraries do not provide easy to use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Ahan Gupta , Zhihao Wang , Neel Dani , Masahiro Tanaka , Olatunji Ruwase , Minjia Zhang

The reasoning capabilities of the recent LLMs enable them to execute external function calls to overcome their inherent limitations, such as knowledge cutoffs, poor arithmetic skills, or lack of access to private data. This development has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Sehoon Kim , Suhong Moon , Ryan Tabrizi , Nicholas Lee , Michael W. Mahoney , Kurt Keutzer , Amir Gholami

Recent breakthroughs in Large-scale language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on various tasks. The immense sizes of LLMs have led to very high resource demand and cost for running the models. Though the models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Juntao Zhao , Borui Wan , Yanghua Peng , Haibin Lin , Chuan Wu

Pipeline Parallelism (PP) serves as a crucial technique for training Large Language Models (LLMs), owing to its capability to alleviate memory pressure from model states with relatively low communication overhead. However, in long-context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Zhouyang Li , Yuliang Liu , Wei Zhang , Tailing Yuan , Bin Chen , Chengru Song , Di Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized AI applications, yet their enormous computational demands severely limit deployment and real-time performance. Quantization methods can help reduce computational costs, however, attaining the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Shaobo Ma , Chao Fang , Haikuo Shao , Zhongfeng Wang

With the rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) in recommendation systems, the computational and communication bottlenecks caused by their massive parameter sizes and large data volumes have become increasingly prominent. This paper…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Haowei Yang , Yu Tian , Zhongheng Yang , Zhao Wang , Chengrui Zhou , Dannier Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) enable intelligent multi-robot collaboration but face fundamental trade-offs: open-loop methods that compile tasks into formal representations for external executors produce sound plans but lack adaptability in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Shaobin Ling , Yun Wang , Chenyou Fan , Tin Lun Lam , Junjie Hu