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Representation learning on electronic health records (EHRs) plays a vital role in downstream medical prediction tasks. Although natural language processing techniques, such as recurrent neural networks, and self-attention, have been adapted…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Xueping Peng , Guodong Long , Tao Shen , Sen Wang , Chengqi Zhang , Allison Clarke , Clement Schlegel

Personal health libraries (PHLs) provide a single point of secure access to patients digital health data and enable the integration of knowledge stored in their digital health profiles with other sources of global knowledge. PHLs can help…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Nariman Ammar , James E Bailey , Robert L Davis , Arash Shaban-Nejad

Machine learning (ML) promises better clinical decision-making, yet opaque model behavior limits the adoption in healthcare. We propose two novel regularization techniques for ensuring the interpretability of ML models trained on real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Salma Rachidi , Aso Bozorgpanah , Eric Fey , Alexander Jung

Enhancing clinical decision support (CDS), reducing documentation burdens, and improving patient health literacy remain persistent challenges in digital health. This paper presents an open-source, agent-based framework that integrates Large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Abul Ehtesham , Aditi Singh , Saket Kumar

With the increasing availability of patient data, modern medicine is shifting towards prospective healthcare. Electronic health records offer a variety of information useful for clinical patient characterization and the development of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Fabio Azzalini , Tommaso Dolci , Marco Vagaggini

Deep learning has the potential to automate many clinically useful tasks in medical imaging. However translation of deep learning into clinical practice has been hindered by issues such as lack of the transparency and interpretability in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-04 Charles Lu , Andreanne Lemay , Ken Chang , Katharina Hoebel , Jayashree Kalpathy-Cramer

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising approach to enhancing Explainable AI (XAI) by transforming complex machine learning outputs into easy-to-understand narratives, making model predictions more accessible to users, and helping…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Ahsan Bilal , David Ebert , Beiyu Lin

The emergence of digital technologies such as smartphones in healthcare applications have demonstrated the possibility of developing rich, continuous, and objective measures of multiple sclerosis (MS) disability that can be administered…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Andrew P. Creagh , Florian Lipsmeier , Michael Lindemann , Maarten De Vos

Many diagnostic errors occur because clinicians cannot easily access relevant information in patient Electronic Health Records (EHRs). In this work we propose a method to use LLMs to identify pieces of evidence in patient EHR data that…

Explainable artificial intelligence is increasingly used in machine learning (ML) based decision-making systems in healthcare. However, little research has compared the utility of different explanation methods in guiding healthcare experts…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Aditya Bhattacharya , Jeroen Ooge , Gregor Stiglic , Katrien Verbert

Deep learning has recently gained popularity in digital pathology due to its high prediction quality. However, the medical domain requires explanation and insight for a better understanding beyond standard quantitative performance…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-28 Miriam Hägele , Philipp Seegerer , Sebastian Lapuschkin , Michael Bockmayr , Wojciech Samek , Frederick Klauschen , Klaus-Robert Müller , Alexander Binder

Background: More than half (57%) of pharma clinical research spend is in support of clinical trials. One reason is that Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems and HIPAA privacy rules often limit how broadly patient information can be…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2018-07-03 Andrew J McMurry , Richen Zhang , Alex Foxman , Lawrence Reiter , Ronny Schnel , DeLeys Brandman

Recent advances and achievements of artificial intelligence (AI) as well as deep and graph learning models have established their usefulness in biomedical applications, especially in drug-drug interactions (DDIs). DDIs refer to a change in…

Interpretable representations are the backbone of many explainers that target black-box predictive systems based on artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms. They translate the low-level data representation necessary for good…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Kacper Sokol , Peter Flach

Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown remarkable success in robotics with complex and heterogeneous dynamics. However, its vulnerability to unknown disturbances and adversarial attacks remains a significant challenge. In this paper, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Hanyang Hu , Xilun Zhang , Xubo Lyu , Mo Chen

In artificial intelligence (AI), the complexity of many models and processes surpasses human understanding, making it challenging to determine why a specific prediction is made. This lack of transparency is particularly problematic in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-30 Alexandra Stadler , Werner G. Müller , Radoslav Harman

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated its ability to solve high dimensional tasks by leveraging non-linear function approximators. However, these successes are mostly achieved by 'black-box' policies in simulated domains. When…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Riad Akrour , Davide Tateo , Jan Peters

Developing safe, effective, and practically useful clinical prediction models (CPMs) traditionally requires iterative collaboration between clinical experts, data scientists, and informaticists. This process refines the often small but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Jean Feng , Avni Kothari , Patrick Vossler , Andrew Bishara , Lucas Zier , Newton Addo , Aaron Kornblith , Yan Shuo Tan , Chandan Singh

Paucity of medical data severely limits the generalizability of diagnostic ML models, as the full spectrum of disease variability can not be represented by a small clinical dataset. To address this, diffusion models (DMs) have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Janet Wang , Yunbei Zhang , Zhengming Ding , Jihun Hamm

The automation of the medical evidence acquisition and diagnosis process has recently attracted increasing attention in order to reduce the workload of doctors and democratize access to medical care. However, most works proposed in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Arsene Fansi Tchango , Rishab Goel , Julien Martel , Zhi Wen , Gaetan Marceau Caron , Joumana Ghosn