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Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis is a tool to evaluate the capacity of a numeric measure to distinguish between groups, often employed in the evaluation of diagnostic tests. Overall classification ability is sometimes…

Graph classification in medical imaging and drug discovery requires accuracy and robust uncertainty quantification. To address this need, we introduce Conditional Prediction ROC (CP-ROC) bands, offering uncertainty quantification for ROC…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yujia Wu , Bo Yang , Elynn Chen , Yuzhou Chen , Zheshi Zheng

The Kendall plot ($\K$-plot) is a plot measuring dependence between the components of a bivariate random variable. The $\K$-plot graphs the Kendall distribution function against the distribution function of $VU$, where $V$ and $U$ are…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-11-22 Albert Vexler , Georgios Afendras , Marianthi Markatou

Covariate adjustment is a commonly used method for total causal effect estimation. In recent years, graphical criteria have been developed to identify all valid adjustment sets, that is, all covariate sets that can be used for this purpose.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-11 Leonard Henckel , Emilija Perković , Marloes H. Maathuis

In early clinical test evaluations the potential benefits of the introduction of a new technology into the healthcare system are assessed in the challenging situation of limited available empirical data. The aim of these evaluations is to…

Applications · Statistics 2020-05-21 Sara Graziadio , Kevin J. Wilson

Covariate adjustment can enhance precision and power in clinical trials, yet its application to the win odds remains unclear. The win odds is an extension of the win ratio that counts ties as half a win for the treatment and the control…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-08 Cyrill Scheidegger , Simon Wandel , Tobias Mütze

We propose new tests for assessing whether covariates in a treatment group and matched control group are balanced in observational studies. The tests exhibit high power under a wide range of multivariate alternatives, some of which existing…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-02-28 Hao Chen , Dylan S. Small

Whilst the size and complexity of ML models have rapidly and significantly increased over the past decade, the methods for assessing their performance have not kept pace. In particular, among the many potential performance metrics, the ML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Michael Roberts , Alon Hazan , Sören Dittmer , James H. F. Rudd , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

Throughout science and technology, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and associated area under the curve (AUC) measures constitute powerful tools for assessing the predictive abilities of features, markers and tests in binary…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-25 Tilmann Gneiting , Eva-Maria Walz

A criterion is proposed for testing hypothesis about the nature of the error variance in the dependent variable in linear model, which separates correctly and incorrectly specified models. In the former only measurement errors determine the…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-19 Alexander Kukush , Igor Mandel

Estimating the effect of a treatment on a given outcome, conditioned on a vector of covariates, is central in many applications. However, learning the impact of a treatment on a continuous temporal response, when the covariates suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Guangyi Zhang , Reza Ashrafi , Anne Juuti , Kirsi Pietiläinen , Pekka Marttinen

The accuracy of a diagnostic test is typically characterised using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Summarising indexes such as the area under the ROC curve (AUC) are used to compare different tests as well as to measure…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-12-30 Fang Yao , Radu V. Craiu , Benjamin Reiser

The statistical efficiency of randomized clinical trials can be improved by incorporating information from baseline covariates (i.e., pre-treatment patient characteristics). This can be done in the design stage using stratified (permutated…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-04 Zhiwei Zhang

Treatment-covariate interaction tests are commonly applied by researchers to examine whether the treatment effect varies across patient subgroups defined by baseline characteristics. The objective of this study is to explore…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-12 Likun Zhang , Wei Ma

High-dimensional tests are applied to find relevant sets of variables and relevant models. If variables are selected by analyzing the sums of products matrices and a corresponding mean-value test is performed, there is the danger that the…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-02-10 Juergen Laeuter , Maciej Rosolowski , Ekkehard Glimm

An important feature of linear mixed models and generalized linear mixed models is that the conditional mean of the response given the random effects, after transformed by a link function, is linearly related to the fixed covariate effects…

Applications · Statistics 2008-12-29 Mingyan Huang , Daowen Zhang

Machine learning is more and more applied in critical application areas like health and driver assistance. To minimize the risk of wrong decisions, in such applications it is necessary to consider the certainty of a classification to reject…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Stephan Hasler , Lydia Fischer

Covariate imbalance between treatment groups makes it difficult to compare cumulative incidence curves in competing risk analyses. In this paper we discuss different methods to estimate adjusted cumulative incidence curves including inverse…

We provide a comprehensive theory of conducting in-sample statistical inference about receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves that are based on predicted values from a first stage model with estimated parameters (such as a logit…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-12-06 Yu-Chin Hsu , Robert P. Lieli

The proper use of model evaluation metrics is important for model evaluation and model selection in binary classification tasks. This study investigates how consistent different metrics are at evaluating models across data of different…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-17 Jing Li