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Predicting outcomes in sports is important for teams, leagues, bettors, media, and fans. Given the growing amount of player tracking data, sports analytics models are increasingly utilizing spatially-derived features built upon player…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Peter Xenopoulos , Claudio Silva

Soccer analytics rely on two data sources: the player positions on the pitch and the sequences of events they perform. With around 2000 ball events per game, their precise and exhaustive annotation based on a monocular video stream remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jeremie Ochin , Guillaume Devineau , Bogdan Stanciulescu , Sotiris Manitsaris

We present a fully convolutional neural network architecture that is capable of estimating full probability surfaces of potential passes in soccer, derived from high-frequency spatiotemporal data. The network receives layers of low-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Javier Fernández , Luke Bornn

The process of decision-making in football is characterized by a complex interplay between spatial positioning, opponent pressure, and player intent. This work introduces a Graph Neural Network (GNN) framework designed to predict Receiver…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Gabriel Masella , Giuseppe Alessio D'Inverno , Max Goldsmith , Gianluigi Rozza

Graph-structured data are pervasive in the real-world such as social networks, molecular graphs and transaction networks. Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved great success in representation learning on graphs, facilitating various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Zhimeng Guo , Teng Xiao , Zongyu Wu , Charu Aggarwal , Hui Liu , Suhang Wang

The massive growth of data collection in sports has opened numerous avenues for professional teams and media houses to gain insights from this data. The data collected includes per frame player and ball trajectories, and event annotations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Aditya Sangram Singh Rana

Soccer attracts the attention of many researchers and professionals in the sports industry. Therefore, the incorporation of science into the sport is constantly growing, with increasing investments in performance analysis and sports…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Eduardo Alves Baratela , Felipe Jordão Xavier , Thomas Peron , Paulino Ribeiro Villas-Boas , Francisco Aparecido Rodrigues

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are a class of effective deep learning models for node classification tasks; yet their predictive capability may be severely compromised under adversarially designed unnoticeable perturbations to the graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Xiao Zang , Jie Chen , Bo Yuan

Modeling open-play soccer tactics is a formidable challenge due to the stochastic, multi-agent nature of the game. Existing computational approaches typically produce single, deterministic trajectory forecasts or focus on highly structured…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jiayuan Rao , Tianlin Gui , Haoning Wu , Yanfeng Wang , Weidi Xie

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have attracted increasing attention in recent years and have achieved excellent performance in semi-supervised node classification tasks. The success of most GNNs relies on one fundamental assumption, i.e., the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Junchao Lin , Yuan Wan , Jingwen Xu , Xingchen Qi

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are powerful tools in representation learning for graphs. However, recent studies show that GNNs are vulnerable to carefully-crafted perturbations, called adversarial attacks. Adversarial attacks can easily fool…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Wei Jin , Yao Ma , Xiaorui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Suhang Wang , Jiliang Tang

Many applications of machine learning require a model to make accurate pre-dictions on test examples that are distributionally different from training ones, while task-specific labels are scarce during training. An effective approach to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-20 Weihua Hu , Bowen Liu , Joseph Gomes , Marinka Zitnik , Percy Liang , Vijay Pande , Jure Leskovec

Evaluating defensive performance in soccer remains challenging, as effective defending is often expressed not through visible on-ball actions such as interceptions and tackles, but through preventing dangerous opportunities before they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Hyunsung Kim , Sangwoo Seo , Hoyoung Choi , Tom Boomstra , Jinsung Yoon , Chanyoung Park

Soccer is undeniably the most popular sport world-wide and everyone from general managers and coaching staff to fans and media are interested in evaluating players' performance. Metrics applied successfully in other sports, such as the…

Applications · Statistics 2020-12-04 Konstantinos Pelechrinis , Wayne Winston

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been widely applied to various applications, including image classification, text generation, audio recognition, and graph data analysis. However, recent studies have shown that DNNs are vulnerable to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Lichao Sun , Yingtong Dou , Carl Yang , Ji Wang , Yixin Liu , Philip S. Yu , Lifang He , Bo Li

Graph filters that transform prior node values to posterior scores via edge propagation often support graph mining tasks affecting humans, such as recommendation and ranking. Thus, it is important to make them fair in terms of satisfying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Emmanouil Krasanakis , Symeon Papadopoulos

This paper addresses the challenging problem of retrieval and matching of graph structured objects, and makes two key contributions. First, we demonstrate how Graph Neural Networks (GNN), which have emerged as an effective model for various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Yujia Li , Chenjie Gu , Thomas Dullien , Oriol Vinyals , Pushmeet Kohli

This research aims to improve the accuracy of complex volleyball predictions and provide more meaningful insights to coaches and players. We introduce a specialized graph encoding technique to add additional contact-by-contact volleyball…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Rhys Tracy , Haotian Xia , Alex Rasla , Yuan-Fang Wang , Ambuj Singh

Recent years have witnessed the deployment of adversarial attacks to evaluate the robustness of Neural Networks. Past work in this field has relied on traditional optimization algorithms that ignore the inherent structure of the problem and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Florian Jaeckle , M. Pawan Kumar

Soccer is a sparse rewarding game: any smart or careless action in critical situations can change the result of the match. Therefore players, coaches, and scouts are all curious about the best action to be performed in critical situations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Pegah Rahimian , Afshin Oroojlooy , Laszlo Toka
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