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The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has emerged as a promising candidate for demonstrating quantum advantage on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. While various QAOA parameterization schemes exist, ranging…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Evan Camilleri , André Xuereb , Tony J. G. Apollaro , Mirko Consiglio

The Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a leading hybrid classical-quantum algorithm for solving complex combinatorial optimization problems. QAOA-in-QAOA (QAOA^2) uses a divide-and-conquer heuristic to solve large-scale…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-27 Aniello Esposito , Tamuz Danzig

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is considered to be one of the most promising approaches towards using near-term quantum computers for practical application. In its original form, the algorithm applies two different…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-08 Mauro E. S. Morales , Jacob Biamonte , Zoltán Zimborás

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a quantum heuristic for combinatorial optimization that has been demonstrated to scale better than state-of-the-art classical solvers for some problems. For a given problem instance,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-23 Tianyi Hao , Zichang He , Ruslan Shaydulin , Jeffrey Larson , Marco Pistoia

This study explores the implementation of the Quantum Approximate Optimisation Algorithm (QAOA) in its analog form using a neutral atom quantum processing unit to solve the Maximum Independent Set problem. The analog QAOA leverages the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Simone Tibaldi , Lucas Leclerc , Davide Vodola , Edoardo Tignone , Elisa Ercolessi

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) applies two Hamiltonians to a quantum system in alternation. The original goal of the algorithm was to drive the system close to the ground state of one of the Hamiltonians. This paper…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-31 Seth Lloyd

We introduce the Constraint-Enhanced Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (CE-QAOA), a shallow, constraint-aware ansatz that operates inside the one-hot product space [n]^m, where m is the number of blocks and each block is…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Chinonso Onah , Roman Firt , Kristel Michielsen

Realizing the potential of near-term quantum computers to solve industry-relevant constrained-optimization problems is a promising path to quantum advantage. In this work, we consider the extractive summarization constrained-optimization…

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a leading candidate algorithm for solving combinatorial optimization problems on quantum computers. However, in many cases QAOA requires computationally intensive parameter optimization.…

Approaches to compute or estimate the output probability distributions from the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) are needed to assess the likelihood it will obtain a quantum computational advantage. We analyze output from…

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a quantum-classical hybrid algorithm proposed with the goal of approximately solving combinatorial optimization problems such as the MAX-CUT problem. It has been considered a potential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Eunok Bae , Hyukjoon Kwon , V Vijendran , Soojoon Lee

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is an appealing proposal to solve NP problems on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware. Making NISQ implementations of the QAOA resilient to noise requires short ansatz…

Quantum approximate optimization algorithms are hybrid quantum-classical variational algorithms designed to approximately solve combinatorial optimization problems such as the MAX-CUT problem. In spite of its potential for near-term quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-27 Eunok Bae , Soojoon Lee

Many combinatorial optimization problems admit a maximin fairness variant, where the aim is to find a distribution over possible solutions which maximizes an expected worst-case outcome. However, the support for an optimal distribution may…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Bao Bach , Cameron Ibrahim , Reuben Tate , Jad Salem , Stephan Eidenbenz , Ilya Safro

Airlines today are faced with a number of large scale scheduling problems. One such problem is the tail assignment problem, which is the task of assigning individual aircraft to a given set of flights, minimizing the overall cost. Each…

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is known for its capability and universality in solving combinatorial optimization problems on near-term quantum devices. The results yielded by QAOA depend strongly on its initial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-29 Xinwei Lee , Ningyi Xie , Yoshiyuki Saito , Dongsheng Cai , Nobuyoshi Asai

We introduce a novel approach to translate arbitrary 3-SAT instances to Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) as they are used by quantum annealing (QA) or the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). Our approach…

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) finds approximate solutions to combinatorial optimization problems. Its performance monotonically improves with its depth $p$. We apply the QAOA to MaxCut on large-girth $D$-regular…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-08 Joao Basso , Edward Farhi , Kunal Marwaha , Benjamin Villalonga , Leo Zhou

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a near-term hybrid algorithm intended to solve combinatorial optimization problems, such as MaxCut. QAOA can be made to mimic an adiabatic schedule, and in the $p\to\infty$ limit the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-02 Jonathan Wurtz , Peter J. Love

The syndrome decoding problem is known to be NP-complete. The goal of the decoder is to find an error of low weight that corresponds to a given syndrome obtained from a parity-check matrix. We use the quantum approximate optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-21 Ching-Yi Lai , Kao-Yueh Kuo , Bo-Jyun Liao