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Backdoor (trojan) attacks embed hidden, controllable behaviors into machine-learning models so that models behave normally on benign inputs but produce attacker-chosen outputs when a trigger is present. This survey reviews the rapidly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Bilal Hussain Abbasi , Yanjun Zhang , Leo Zhang , Shang Gao

Power side-channel (PSC) attacks are widely used in embedded microcontrollers, particularly in cryptographic applications, to extract sensitive information. However, expanding the applications of PSC attacks to broader security contexts in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Pouya Narimani , Meng Wang , Ulysse Planta , Ali Abbasi

The monitoring of individuals/objects has become increasingly possible in recent years due to the convenience of integrated cameras in many devices. Due to the important moments or activities of people captured by these devices, it has made…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Ifeoluwapo Aribilola , Mamoona Naveed Asghar , Brian Lee

Edge Intelligence (EI) serves as a critical enabler for privacy-preserving systems by providing AI-empowered computation and distributed caching services at the edge, thereby minimizing latency and enhancing data privacy. The integration of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Anum Nawaz , Hafiz Humza Mahmood Ramzan , Xianjia Yu , Zhuo Zou , Tomi Westerlund

Automotive safety and security are paramount in the rapidly advancing landscape of vehicular technology. Building safe and secure vehicles demands a profound understanding of automotive systems, particularly in safety and security.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Bhagawat Baanav Yedla Ravi , Md Rafiul Kabir , Sandip Ray

Siemens produce a range of industrial human machine interface (HMI) screens which allow operators to both view information about and control physical processes. For scenarios where an operator cannot physically access the screen, Siemens…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Joseph Gardiner , Awais Rashid

For data privacy, system reliability, and security, Blockchain technologies have become more popular in recent years. Despite its usefulness, the blockchain is vulnerable to cyber assaults; for example, in January 2019 a 51% attack on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-20 D. Nancy Kirupanithi , A. Antonidoss , G. Subathra

The integration of security and energy efficiency in Internet of Things systems remains a critical challenge, particularly for battery-free and resource-constrained devices. This paper explores the scalability and protocol-agnostic nature…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Taki Eddine Djidjekh , Gaël Loubet , Alexandru Takacs

The emergence of distributed manufacturing ecosystems for electronic hardware involving untrusted parties has given rise to diverse trust issues. In particular, IP piracy, overproduction, and hardware Trojan attacks pose significant threats…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Abhishek Nair , Patanjali SLPSK , Chester Rebeiro , Swarup Bhunia

Proof-of-work (PoW) cryptocurrency blockchains like Bitcoin secure vast amounts of money. Their operators, called miners, expend resources to generate blocks and receive monetary rewards for their effort. Blockchains are, in principle,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Michael Mirkin , Yan Ji , Jonathan Pang , Ariah Klages-Mundt , Ittay Eyal , Ari Juels

Security-critical tasks require proper isolation from untrusted software. Chip manufacturers design and include trusted execution environments (TEEs) in their processors to secure these tasks. The integrity and security of the software in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-19 Yue Chen , Yulong Zhang , Zhi Wang , Tao Wei

Blockchain address poisoning is an emerging phishing attack that crafts "similar-looking" transfer records in the victim's transaction history, which aims to deceive victims and lure them into mistakenly transferring funds to the attacker.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Shixuan Guan , Kai Li

Closed-loop control systems employ continuous sensing and actuation to maintain controlled variables within preset bounds and achieve the desired system output. Intentional disturbances in the system, such as in the case of cyberattacks,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-21 Vuk Lesi , Marcio Juliato , Shabbir Ahmed , Christopher Gutierrez , Qian Wang , Manoj Sastry

This work investigates the impact of the ever-present electromagnetic interference (EMI) on the achievable secrecy performance of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided communication systems. We characterize the end-to-end RIS…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-17 José David Vega Sánchez , Georges Kaddoum , F. Javier López-Martínez

When Bluetooth devices come within the range of another, an electronic conversation takes place to determine whether the devices in range are known or whether one needs to control the other. Most Bluetooth devices do not require any form of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2010-03-10 Ms. A. Rathika , Ms. R. Saranya , Ms. R. Iswarya

DNS has always been criticized for its inherent design flaws, making the system vulnerable to kinds of attacks. Besides, DNS domain names are not fully controlled by the users, which can be easily taken down by the authorities and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Pengcheng Xia , Haoyu Wang , Zhou Yu , Xinyu Liu , Xiapu Luo , Guoai Xu

Backdoor attacks (BAs) are an emerging threat to deep neural network classifiers. A victim classifier will predict to an attacker-desired target class whenever a test sample is embedded with the same backdoor pattern (BP) that was used to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Zhen Xiang , David J. Miller , George Kesidis

Transfer learning from pre-trained encoders has become essential in modern machine learning, enabling efficient model adaptation across diverse tasks. However, this combination of pre-training and downstream adaptation creates an expanded…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Yechao Zhang , Yuxuan Zhou , Tianyu Li , Minghui Li , Shengshan Hu , Wei Luo , Leo Yu Zhang

Searchable Symmetric Encryption (SSE) allows users to search over encrypted data stored on untrusted servers, like cloud providers. While SSE hides the content of queries and documents, it still leaks patterns, such as how often a query is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Chinecherem Dimobi

Arm Cortex-M processors are the most widely used 32-bit microcontrollers among embedded and Internet-of-Things devices. Despite the widespread usage, there has been little effort in summarizing their hardware security features,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Xi Tan , Zheyuan Ma , Sandro Pinto , Le Guan , Ning Zhang , Jun Xu , Zhiqiang Lin , Hongxin Hu , Ziming Zhao