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The Circumgalactic Medium (CGM) of late-type galaxies is characterized using UV spectroscopy of 11 targeted QSO/galaxy pairs at z < 0.02 with the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph and ~60 serendipitous absorber/galaxy pairs…

The circumgalactic medium (CGM) is the diffuse gas surrounding a galaxy's halo, and it plays a vital role in the galactic baryon cycle. However, its mass distribution across the virial phase and the cooler, denser atomic phase, remains…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-11-04 Rajsekhar Mohapatra , Alankar Dutta , Prateek Sharma

Ubiquitous detections of cold/warm gas around galaxies indicate that the circumgalactic medium (CGM) is multiphase and dynamic. Recent state-of-the-art cosmological galaxy simulations have generally underproduced the column density of cold…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-01-08 Cameron J. Liang , Ian S. Remming

One of the biggest puzzles regarding the circumgalactic medium (CGM) is the structure of its cool ($T\sim10^4$ K) gas phase. While the kinematics of quasar absorption systems suggests the CGM is composed of a population of different clouds,…

This paper reports the first measurement of the relationship between turbulent velocity and cloud size in the diffuse circumgalactic medium (CGM) in typical galaxy halos at redshift z~0.4-1. Through spectrally-resolved absorption profiles…

We use HI absorption measurements to constrain the amount of cool ($\approx 10^4$ K), photoionized gas in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of dwarf galaxies with $M_* = 10^{6.5-9.5}~M_\odot$ in the nearby Universe ($z<0.3$). We show…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-03-12 Yakov Faerman , Yong Zheng , Benjamin D. Oppenheimer

The circumgalactic medium (CGM), i.e. the gaseous haloes around galaxies, is both the reservoir of gas that fuels galaxy growth and the repository of gas expelled by galactic winds. Most cosmological, hydrodynamical simulations focus their…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-04-12 Freeke van de Voort , Volker Springel , Nir Mandelker , Frank C. van den Bosch , Rüdiger Pakmor

The circumgalactic medium (CGM) is closely linked to galaxy formation and evolution, but difficult to characterize observationally and typically poorly resolved in cosmological simulations. We use spherically-symmetric, idealized,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-02-12 Cassandra Lochhaas , Greg L. Bryan , Yuan Li , Miao Li , Drummond Fielding

The cycling of baryons in and out of galaxies is what ultimately drives galaxy formation and evolution. The circumgalactic medium (CGM) represents the interface between the interstellar medium and the cosmic web, hence its properties are…

A systematic comparison of the models of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) and their observables is crucial to understanding the predictive power of the models and constraining physical processes that affect the thermodynamics of CGM. This…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-07-10 Priyanka Singh , Erwin T. Lau , Yakov Faerman , Jonathan Stern , Daisuke Nagai

We present an analytic model for the cool, $T \approx 10^4$ K, circumgalactic medium (CGM), describing the gas distribution, thermal and ionization state. Our model assumes (total) pressure equilibrium with the ambient warm/hot CGM,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-02-03 Yakov Faerman , Jessica K. Werk

The baryon content around local galaxies is observed to be much less than is needed in Big Bang nucleosynthesis. Simulations indicate that a significant fraction of these "missing baryons" may be stored in a hot tenuous circum-galactic…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-03-28 Jiang-Tao Li , Joel N. Bregman , Q. Daniel Wang , Robert A. Crain , Michael E. Anderson

The circumgalactic medium (CGM) of galaxies consists of a multiphase gas with components at very different temperatures, from $10^ {4}$ K to $10^ {7}$ K. One of the greatest puzzle about this medium is the presence of a large amount of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-05-01 Andrea Afruni , Filippo Fraternali , Gabriele Pezzulli

We investigate the baryon content of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) within the virial radius of $M_h \sim 10^{12} \; M_\odot$ haloes at z ~ 3, by modelling the surface brightness profile of the giant Ly$\alpha$ nebulae recently discovered…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-04-15 Gabriele Pezzulli , Sebastiano Cantalupo

The circumgalactic medium (CGM) around galaxies is believed to record various forms of galaxy feedback and contain a significant portion of the "missing baryons" of individual dark matter halos. However, clear observational evidence for the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Y. Yao , Q. D. Wang , S. V. Penton , T. M. Tripp , J. M. Shull , J. T. Stocke

We develop a new method to constrain the physical conditions in the cool (~10^4 K) circumgalactic medium (CGM) from measurements of ionic column densities, by assuming that the cool CGM spans a large range of gas densities and that small…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-10-26 Jonathan Stern , Joseph F. Hennawi , J. Xavier Prochaska , Jessica K. Werk

Observational evidence shows that low-redshift galaxies are surrounded by extended haloes of multiphase gas, the so-called 'circumgalactic medium' (CGM). To study the survival of relatively cool gas (T < 10^5 K) in the CGM, we performed a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-06-28 L. Armillotta , F. Fraternali , J. K. Werk , J. X. Prochaska , F. Marinacci

Most of the baryons from galaxies have been "missing" and several studies have attempted to map the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of galaxies in their quest. Recent studies with the Hubble Space Telescope have shown that many galaxies contain…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-05 A. Gupta , S. Mathur , Y. Krongold , F. Nicastro , M. Galeazzi

We use the high-resolution TNG50 cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulation to explore the properties and origin of cold circumgalactic medium (CGM) gas around massive galaxies (M* > 10^11 Msun) at intermediate redshift (z~0.5). We…

Surrounding the Milky Way (MW) is the circumgalactic medium (CGM), an extended reservoir of hot gas that has significant implications for the evolution of the MW. We used the HaloSat all-sky survey to study the CGM's soft X-ray emission in…

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