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Offline reinforcement learning can enable policy learning from pre-collected, sub-optimal datasets without online interactions. This makes it ideal for real-world robots and safety-critical scenarios, where collecting online data or expert…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Sreyas Venkataraman , Yufei Wang , Ziyu Wang , Navin Sriram Ravie , Zackory Erickson , David Held

Reinforcement learning (RL) often encounters delayed and sparse feedback in real-world applications, even with only episodic rewards. Previous approaches have made some progress in reward redistribution for credit assignment but still face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Yun Qu , Yuhang Jiang , Boyuan Wang , Yixiu Mao , Cheems Wang , Chang Liu , Xiangyang Ji

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown great potential in refining robotic manipulation policies, yet its efficacy remains strongly bottlenecked by the difficulty of designing generalizable reward functions. In this paper, we propose a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yanru Wu , Weiduo Yuan , Ang Qi , Vitor Guizilini , Jiageng Mao , Yue Wang

Credit assignment, the process of attributing credit or blame to individual agents for their contributions to a team's success or failure, remains a fundamental challenge in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), particularly in…

The utilization of Large Language Models (LLMs) within the realm of reinforcement learning, particularly as planners, has garnered a significant degree of attention in recent scholarly literature. However, a substantial proportion of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Yiqun Duan , Qiang Zhang , Renjing Xu

In offline reinforcement learning (RL) agents are trained using a logged dataset. It appears to be the most natural route to attack real-life applications because in domains such as healthcare and robotics interactions with the environment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Ksenia Konyushkova , Konrad Zolna , Yusuf Aytar , Alexander Novikov , Scott Reed , Serkan Cabi , Nando de Freitas

We study what actually works and what doesn't for training large language models as agents via multi-turn reinforcement learning. Despite rapid progress, existing frameworks and definitions are fragmented, and there is no systematic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Ruiyi Wang , Prithviraj Ammanabrolu

Language models are exhibiting increasing capability in knowledge utilization and reasoning. However, when applied as agents in embodied environments, they often suffer from misalignment between their intrinsic knowledge and environmental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Hanlin Wang , Chak Tou Leong , Jian Wang , Wenjie Li

One of the key challenges in current Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based Automated Driving (AD) agents is achieving flexible, precise, and human-like behavior cost-effectively. This paper introduces an innovative approach that uses large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Ziqi Zhou , Jingyue Zhang , Jingyuan Zhang , Yangfan He , Boyue Wang , Tianyu Shi , Alaa Khamis

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a pivotal technique for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on specific tasks. However, prevailing RL fine-tuning methods predominantly rely on PPO and its variants. Though these algorithms…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Hao Ma , Tianyi Hu , Zhiqiang Pu , Boyin Liu , Xiaolin Ai , Yanyan Liang , Min Chen

As Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) advance, multimodal agents show promise in real-world tasks like web navigation and embodied intelligence. However, due to limitations in a lack of external feedback, these agents struggle with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Tianyi Men , Zhuoran Jin , Pengfei Cao , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a pivotal component of large language model (LLM) post-training, and agentic RL extends this paradigm to operate as agents through multi-turn interaction and tool use. Scaling such systems exposes two…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Zheyue Tan , Mustapha Abdullahi , Tuo Shi , Huining Yuan , Zelai Xu , Chao Yu , Boxun Li , Bo Zhao

Deep Reinforcement Learning (or just "RL") is gaining popularity for industrial and research applications. However, it still suffers from some key limits slowing down its widespread adoption. Its performance is sensitive to initial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Pierrick Pochelu , Serge G. Petiton , Bruno Conche

Despite the impressive performance across numerous tasks, large language models (LLMs) often fail in solving simple decision-making tasks due to the misalignment of the knowledge in LLMs with environments. On the contrary, reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Weihao Tan , Wentao Zhang , Shanqi Liu , Longtao Zheng , Xinrun Wang , Bo An

The development of autonomous agents for complex, long-horizon tasks is a central goal in AI. However, dominant training paradigms face a critical limitation: reinforcement learning (RL) methods that optimize solely for final task success…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Zijing Zhang , Ziyang Chen , Mingxiao Li , Zhaopeng Tu , Xiaolong Li

The training paradigm for large language models (LLMs) is moving from static datasets to experience-based learning, where agents acquire skills via interacting with complex environments. To facilitate this transition we introduce GEM…

Reinforcement learning has become the central approach for language models (LMs) to learn from environmental reward or feedback. In practice, the environmental feedback is usually sparse and delayed. Learning from such signals is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Taiwei Shi , Sihao Chen , Bowen Jiang , Linxin Song , Longqi Yang , Jieyu Zhao

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms find applications in inventory control, recommender systems, vehicular traffic management, cloud computing and robotics. The real-world complications of many tasks arising in these domains makes them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Sindhu Padakandla

Most reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms assume online access to the environment, in which one may readily interleave updates to the policy with experience collection using that policy. However, in many real-world applications such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Tatsuya Matsushima , Hiroki Furuta , Yutaka Matsuo , Ofir Nachum , Shixiang Gu

Real-world wireless data are expensive to collect and often lack sufficient expert demonstrations, causing existing offline RL methods to overfit suboptimal behaviors and exhibit unstable performance. To address this issue, we propose CORE,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Lipeng Zu , Hansong Zhou , Yu Qian , Shayok Chakraborty , Yukun Yuan , Linke Guo , Xiaonan Zhang
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