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A kilonova, the electromagnetic emission produced by compact binary mergers, is formed through a delicate interplay of physical processes, involving r-process nucleosynthesis and interactions between heavy elements and photons through…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-05-20 Donggeun Tak , Z. Lucas Uhm , James H. Gillanders

Kilonova spectra provide us with information of r-process nucleosynthesis in neutron star mergers. However, it is still challenging to identify individual elements in the spectra mainly due to lack of experimentally accurate atomic data for…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-09-06 Nanae Domoto , Jae-Joon Lee , Masaomi Tanaka , Ho-Gyu Lee , Wako Aoki , Miho N. Ishigaki , Shinya Wanajo , Daiji Kato , Kenta Hotokezaka

When binary systems of neutron stars merge, a very small fraction of their rest mass is ejected, either dynamically or secularly. This material is neutron-rich and its nucleosynthesis could provide the astrophysical site for the production…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-12-13 Luke Bovard , Dirk Martin , Federico Guercilena , Almudena Arcones , Luciano Rezzolla , Oleg Korobkin

The coalescence of double neutron star (NS-NS) and black hole (BH)-NS binaries are prime sources of gravitational waves (GW) for Advanced LIGO/Virgo and future ground-based detectors. Neutron-rich matter released from such events undergo…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-08 Brian D. Metzger

Spectroscopic observations of the kilonova AT 2017gfo provide a unique opportunity to identify signatures from individual heavy elements freshly synthesised via the r-process, the nucleosynthetic channel responsible for producing $\sim$half…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-13 J. H. Gillanders , A. Flors , R. Ferreira da Silva

We investigate $r$-process nucleosynthesis and kilonova emission resulting from binary neutron star (BNS) mergers based on a three-dimensional (3D) general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulation of a hypermassive neutron star…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-11-16 Sanjana Curtis , Philipp Mösta , Zhenyu Wu , David Radice , Luke Roberts , Giacomo Ricigliano , Albino Perego

We present ground-based optical and Hubble Space Telescope optical and near-IR observations of the short-hard GRB130603B at z=0.356, which demonstrate the presence of excess near-IR emission matching the expected brightness and color of an…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-16 E. Berger , W. Fong , R. Chornock

Neutron star (NS) mergers are known to produce heavy elements through rapid neutron capture (r-process) nucleosynthesis. Actinides are expected to be created solely by the r-process in the most neutron rich environments. Confirming if NS…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-01-07 Quentin Pognan , Meng-Ru Wu , Gabriel Martínez-Pinedo , Ricardo Ferreira da Silva , Anders Jerkstrand , Jon Grumer , Andreas Flörs

Binary neutron star mergers and neutron star-black hole mergers are multi-messenger sources that can be detected in gravitational waves and in electromagnetic radiation. The low electron fraction of neutron star merger ejecta favors the…

The material ejected from a binary neutron star merger produces "kilonova," a radioactively powered emission at ultraviolet, optical, and infrared wavelengths. The early-phase spectra of the kilonova AT2017gfo, following the gravitational…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-08 Koya Chiba , Masaomi Tanaka , Shinya Wanajo , Sho Fujibayashi , Kyohei Kawaguchi , Kenta Hotokezaka

The mergers of compact binaries with at least one neutron star component are the potential leading sites of the production and ejection of $r$-process elements. Discoveries of galactic binary pulsars, short gamma-ray bursts, and…

The ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Reticulum II was enriched by a rare and prolific r-process event, such as a neutron star merger. To investigate the nature of this event, we present high-resolution Magellan/MIKE spectroscopy of the brightest…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-18 Alexander P. Ji , Anna Frebel

The observed spectra and light curves of the kilonova produced by the GW170817 binary neutron star merger provide complementary insights, but modeling both the spectral- and time-domain has proven challenging. Here, we model the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-14 Nicholas Vieira , John J. Ruan , Daryl Haggard , Maria R. Drout , Rodrigo Fernández

Binary neutron star mergers are thought to be one of the dominant sites of production for rapid neutron capture elements, including platinum and gold. Since the discovery of the binary neutron star merger GW170817, and its associated…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-07-14 James H. Gillanders , Michael McCann , Stuart A. Sim. Stephen J. Smartt , Connor P. Ballance

The actinides, including thorium (Th), are the heaviest observable elements synthesized in the universe, holding clues to the extremes of the astrophysical and nuclear conditions of $r$-process sites. We present Th abundances based on…

We investigate the early (t < 1 day) kilonova from the neutron star merger by deriving atomic opacities for all the elements from La to Ra (Z = 57 - 88) ionized to the states V - XI. The opacities at high temperatures for the elements with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-06-07 Smaranika Banerjee , Masaomi Tanaka , Daiji Kato , Gediminas Gaigalas

Depending upon the properties of their compact remnants and the physics included in the models, simulations of neutron star mergers can produce a broad range of ejecta properties. The characteristics of this ejecta, in turn, define the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-09-08 R. T. Wollaeger , C. L. Fryer , E. A. Chase , C. J. Fontes , M. Ristic , A. L. Hungerford , O. Korobkin , R. O'Shaughnessy , A. M. Herring

Black hole - neutron star (BH-NS) mergers are a major target for ground-based gravitational wave (GW) observatories. A merger can also produce an electromagnetic counterpart (a kilonova) if it ejects neutron-rich matter that assembles into…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-08-26 Siva Darbha , Daniel Kasen , Francois Foucart , Daniel J. Price

Kilonovae are ultraviolet, optical, and infrared transients powered by the radioactive decay of heavy elements following a neutron star merger. Joint observations of kilonovae and gravitational waves can offer key constraints on the source…

Neutron star mergers have been proposed as the main source of heavy $r$-process nucleosynthesis in the Universe. However, the mergers' significant expected delay after binary formation is in tension with observed very early $r$-process…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-02-22 I. Bartos , S. Rosswog , V. Gayathri , M. C. Miller , D. Veske , S. Marka