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Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently exhibited impressive general-purpose capabilities by leveraging vision foundation models to encode the core concepts of images into representations. These are then combined with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Sara Ghazanfari , Alexandre Araujo , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Siddharth Garg , Farshad Khorrami

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made significant progress in vision-language understanding, yet effectively aligning different modalities remains a fundamental challenge. We present a framework that unifies multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Wanpeng Zhang , Yicheng Feng , Hao Luo , Yijiang Li , Zihao Yue , Sipeng Zheng , Zongqing Lu

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have rapidly advanced by leveraging powerful pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) as core reasoning backbones. As new and more capable LLMs emerge with improved reasoning, instruction-following, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Sameera Horawalavithana , Lauren Phillips , Ian Stewart , Sai Munikoti , Karl Pazdernik

Understanding images and text together is an important aspect of cognition and building advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. As a community, we have achieved good benchmarks over language and vision domains separately, however…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Shailaja Keyur Sampat , Yezhou Yang , Chitta Baral

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have recently played a dominant role in multimodal vision-language learning. Despite the great success, it lacks a holistic evaluation of their efficacy. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Peng Xu , Wenqi Shao , Kaipeng Zhang , Peng Gao , Shuo Liu , Meng Lei , Fanqing Meng , Siyuan Huang , Yu Qiao , Ping Luo

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) combine a vision encoder and a large language model (LLM) through alignment training, showing strong performance on multimodal tasks. A central component in this architecture is the projection layer, which maps…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Raehyuk Jung , Seungjun Yu , Hyunjung Shim

In question-answering scenarios, humans can assess whether the available information is sufficient and seek additional information if necessary, rather than providing a forced answer. In contrast, Vision Language Models (VLMs) typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Li Liu , Diji Yang , Sijia Zhong , Kalyana Suma Sree Tholeti , Lei Ding , Yi Zhang , Leilani H. Gilpin

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a multi-discipline research task. To produce the right answer, it requires an understanding of the visual content of images, the natural language questions, as well as commonsense reasoning over the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Yao Zhang , Haokun Chen , Ahmed Frikha , Yezi Yang , Denis Krompass , Gengyuan Zhang , Jindong Gu , Volker Tresp

Vision-language models (VLMs), such as CLIP and ALIGN, are generally trained on datasets consisting of image-caption pairs obtained from the web. However, real-world multimodal datasets, such as healthcare data, are significantly more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Maya Varma , Jean-Benoit Delbrouck , Sarah Hooper , Akshay Chaudhari , Curtis Langlotz

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) suffer from hallucination a lot, generating responses that apparently contradict to the image content occasionally. The key problem lies in its weak ability to comprehend detailed content in a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Zhiyang Chen , Yousong Zhu , Yufei Zhan , Zhaowen Li , Chaoyang Zhao , Jinqiao Wang , Ming Tang

Existing visual reasoning datasets such as Visual Question Answering (VQA), often suffer from biases conditioned on the question, image or answer distributions. The recently proposed CLEVR dataset addresses these limitations and requires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Ning Xie , Farley Lai , Derek Doran , Asim Kadav

Class-incremental learning requires a learning system to continually learn knowledge of new classes and meanwhile try to preserve previously learned knowledge of old classes. As current state-of-the-art methods based on Vision-Language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Jiantao Tan , Peixian Ma , Tong Yu , Wentao Zhang , Ruixuan Wang

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding and describing visual content, achieving state-of-the-art performance across various vision-language tasks. However, these models often generate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Kazi Hasan Ibn Arif , Sajib Acharjee Dip , Khizar Hussain , Lang Zhang , Chris Thomas

Large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks and domains. Despite this promise, spatial understanding and reasoning -- a fundamental component of human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Jiayu Wang , Yifei Ming , Zhenmei Shi , Vibhav Vineet , Xin Wang , Yixuan Li , Neel Joshi

Medical large vision-language models (LVLMs) have demonstrated promising performance across various single-image question answering (QA) benchmarks, yet their capability in processing multi-image clinical scenarios remains underexplored.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Xikai Yang , Juzheng Miao , Yuchen Yuan , Jiaze Wang , Qi Dou , Jinpeng Li , Pheng-Ann Heng

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are trained on vast amounts of data captured by humans emulating our understanding of the world. However, known as visual illusions, human's perception of reality isn't always faithful to the physical world.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Yichi Zhang , Jiayi Pan , Yuchen Zhou , Rui Pan , Joyce Chai

In recent years, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown strong potential in real-world applications. They are developing rapidly due to their remarkable ability to comprehend multimodal information and their inherent powerful…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Bozhou Li , Hao Liang , Zimo Meng , Wentao Zhang

While Vision Language Models (VLMs) learn conceptual representations, in the form of generalized knowledge, during training, they are typically used to analyze individual instances. When evaluation instances are atypical, this paradigm…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Stella Frank , Emily Allaway

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have improved image captioning for cultural heritage. However, inferring structured cultural metadata (e.g., creator, origin, period) from visual input remains underexplored. We introduce a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yuechen Jiang , Enze Zhang , Md Mohsinul Kabir , Qianqian Xie , Stavroula Golfomitsou , Konstantinos Arvanitis , Sophia Ananiadou

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable performance by aligning pretrained visual representations with the linguistic knowledge embedded in Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing approaches typically rely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Ying Liu , Yudong Han , Kean Shi , Liyuan Pan