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The development of next-generation electrochemical energy storage requires devices that combine the high energy density of batteries with the power capability and long cycle life of supercapacitors. However, the interfacial phenomena…

Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), a thin layer that dynamically forms between active electrode and electrolyte during battery operation, critically governs the performance of rechargeable batteries1-5. An ideal SEI is expected to be…

Electrolyte reduction products form the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on negative electrodes of lithium-ion batteries. Even though this process practically stabilizes the electrode-electrolyte interface, it results in continued…

The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is regarded as the most complex but the least understood constituent in secondary batteries using liquid and solid electrolytes. The nanostructures of SEIs were recently reported to be equally…

In today's modeling and analysis of electrochemical cycling of Li- and Na-ion batteries, an assumption is often made regarding the interphase that forms between the active material and liquid electrolyte at low potentials, the so-called…

The existence of passivating layers at the interfaces is a major factor enabling modern lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. Their properties determine the cycle life, performance, and safety of batteries. A special case is the solid electrolyte…

The path toward Li-ion batteries with higher energy-densities will likely involve use of thin lithium metal (Li) anode (<50 $\mu$m in thickness), whose cyclability today remains limited by dendrite formation and low Coulombic efficiency.…

A deeper understanding of the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) formation mechanism is essential to elucidate battery degradation. Here, we combine Liquid Electrochemical Transmission Electron Microscopy (ec-TEM) with Gas…

Using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, we revealed three dimensional (3D) structural details of the electrochemically plated lithium (Li) flakes and their solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), including the composite SEI skin-layer…

Lithium ion batteries (LIB) can feature reactive anodes that operate at low potentials, such as lithium metal or silicon, passivated by solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) films. SEI is known to evolve over time as cycling proceeds. In this…

Understanding solid liquid interfaces at high spatial and chemical resolution is crucial for advancing electrochemical energy storage technologies, yet this remains a persistent challenge due to the lack of characterisation techniques that…

We present a coupled mechanistic approach that elucidates the intricate interplay between stress and electrochemistry, enabling the prediction of the onset of instabilities in Li-metal anodes and the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in…

Electrolyte decomposition reactions on Li-ion battery electrodes contribute to the formation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers. These SEI layers are one of the known causes for the loss in battery voltage and capacity over…

Electropolymerization plays a critical role in the electrochemical systems. In this chapter, we address such role within the context of interplay between kinetics and energetics. The trains of chin radical reactions leads to the formation…

The formation and stability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) play a central role in determining the long-term performance and safety of modern electrochemical energy storage systems. Despite decades of research, the SEI's…

The solid electrolyte interphase SEI critically dictates the cyclability and Coulombic efficiency of sodium-metal batteries, yet its dynamic formation mechanisms and atomic-scale evolution during electrochemical cycling remain elusive due…

A rechargeable lithium metal battery (LMB), which uses metallic lithium at the anode, is among the most promising technologies for next generation electrochemical energy storage devices due to its high energy density, particularly when Li…

Achieving stable lithium metal anodes requires control over the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and desolvation kinetics. Here, we develop a unified theoretical framework integrating ion transport, desolvation, charge transfer, and SEI…

Cycle life is critically important in applications of rechargeable batteries, but lifetime prediction is mostly based on empirical trends, rather than mathematical models. In practical lithium-ion batteries, capacity fade occurs over…

Interfacial deposition stability between Li metal and a solid electrolyte (SE) is important in preventing interfacial contact loss, mechanical fracture, and dendrite growth in Li-metal solid-state batteries (SSB). In this work, we…