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Many estimation problems in astrophysics are highly complex, with high-dimensional, non-standard data objects (e.g., images, spectra, entire distributions, etc.) that are not amenable to formal statistical analysis. To utilize such data and…

Current self-supervised denoising methods for paired noisy images typically involve mapping one noisy image through the network to the other noisy image. However, after measuring the spectral bias of such methods using our proposed Image…

Encoding of spectral information onto monochrome imaging cameras is of interest for wavelength multiplexing and hyperspectral imaging applications. Here, the complex spatio-spectral response of a disordered material is used to demonstrate…

We present a powerful new algorithm that combines both spatial information (event locations and the point spread function) and spectral information (photon energies) to separate photons from overlapping sources. We use Bayesian statistical…

Next generation radio telescopes will be much larger, more sensitive, have much larger observation bandwidth and will be capable of pointing multiple beams simultaneously. Obtaining the sensitivity, resolution and dynamic range supported by…

Spectral methods have emerged as a simple yet surprisingly effective approach for extracting information from massive, noisy and incomplete data. In a nutshell, spectral methods refer to a collection of algorithms built upon the eigenvalues…

We present a method for the calculation of photoemission spectra in terms of reduced density matrices. We start from the spectral representation of the one-body Green's function G, whose imaginary part is related to photoemission spectra,…

Coherent diffraction imaging enables the imaging of individual defects, such as dislocations or stacking faults, in materials.These defects and their surrounding elastic strain fields have a critical influence on the macroscopic properties…

A photonic spectrograph can be much smaller than a conventional spectrograph with the same resolving power. Individual devices can be integrated with optical fibres to improve the multiplex gain in astronomical spectroscopy. Although…

X-ray Bragg coherent diffraction imaging has been demonstrated as a powerful three-dimensional (3D) microscopy approach for the investigation of sub-micrometer-scale crystalline particles. It is based on the measurement of a series of…

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved remarkable performance in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification over the last few years. Despite the progress that has been made, rich and informative spectral information of HSI has…

Spectroscopic photoacoustic (sPA) imaging uses multiple wavelengths to differentiate chromophores based on their unique optical absorption spectra. This technique has been widely applied in areas such as vascular mapping, tumor detection,…

Cornea cell count is an important diagnostic tool commonly used by practitioners to assess the health of a patient's cornea. Unfortunately, clinical specular microscopy requires the acquisition of a large number of images at different focus…

One of the main goals of modern observational cosmology is to map the large scale structure of the Universe. A potentially powerful approach for doing this would be to exploit three-dimensional spectral maps, i.e. the specific intensity of…

Deconvolution is the most commonly used image processing method to remove the blur caused by the point-spread-function (PSF) in optical imaging systems. While this method has been successful in deblurring, it suffers from several…

De-noising plays a crucial role in the post-processing of spectra. Machine learning-based methods show good performance in extracting intrinsic information from noisy data, but often require a high-quality training set that is typically…

Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum imaging yields compositional information with a spatial resolution down to the atomic level. However, experimental limitations often produce extremely sparse and noisy EDX spectra. Under such…

Imaging spectrometers measure electromagnetic energy scattered in their instantaneous field view in hundreds or thousands of spectral channels with higher spectral resolution than multispectral cameras. Imaging spectrometers are therefore…

Some spectral data analysis methods that are useful for the two-dimensional imaging diagnostics data are introduced. It is shown that the frequency spectrum, the local dispersion relation, the flow shear, and the nonlinear energy transfer…

Hard X-ray spectra in solar flares provide knowledge of the electron spectrum that results from acceleration and propagation in the solar atmosphere. However, the inference of the electron spectra from solar X-ray spectra is an ill-posed…