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Related papers: Generating Out-Of-Distribution Scenarios Using Lan…

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Modern deep generative models can assign high likelihood to inputs drawn from outside the training distribution, posing threats to models in open-world deployments. While much research attention has been placed on defining new test-time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Mu Cai , Yixuan Li

Over the last year, significant advancements have been made in the realms of large language models (LLMs) and multi-modal large language models (MLLMs), particularly in their application to autonomous driving. These models have showcased…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Xiangrui Kong , Thomas Braunl , Marco Fahmi , Yue Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are demonstrating outstanding potential for tasks such as text generation, summarization, and classification. Given that such models are trained on a humongous amount of online knowledge, we hypothesize that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Jiahui Wu , Chengjie Lu , Aitor Arrieta , Tao Yue , Shaukat Ali

Autonomous agents for cyber applications take advantage of modern defense techniques by adopting intelligent agents with conventional and learning-enabled components. These intelligent agents are trained via reinforcement learning (RL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Ankita Samaddar , Nicholas Potteiger , Xenofon Koutsoukos

Explainability and transparent decision-making are essential for the safe deployment of autonomous driving systems. Scene captioning summarizes environmental conditions and risk factors in natural language, improving transparency, safety,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zihang Wang , Xu Li , Benwu Wang , Wenkai Zhu , Xieyuanli Chen , Dong Kong , Kailin Lyu , Yinan Du , Yiming Peng , Haoyang Che

Free-text explanations are expressive and easy to understand, but many datasets lack annotated explanation data, making it challenging to train models for explainable predictions. To address this, we investigate how to use existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Jing Yang , Max Glockner , Anderson Rocha , Iryna Gurevych

Ride-hailing platforms face significant challenges in optimizing order dispatching and driver repositioning operations in dynamic urban environments. Traditional approaches based on combinatorial optimization, rule-based heuristics, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Tengfei Lyu , Siyuan Feng , Hao Liu , Hai Yang

We study the problem of Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection, that is, detecting whether a learning algorithm's output can be trusted at inference time. While a number of tests for OOD detection have been proposed in prior work, a formal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-09-19 Akshayaa Magesh , Venugopal V. Veeravalli , Anirban Roy , Susmit Jha

Aiming at identifying unexpected inputs from unknown classes, out-of-distribution (OOD) detection has emerged as a pivotal approach to enhancing the reliability of machine learning models. This paper focuses on the burgeoning paradigm of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Bo Peng , Jie Lu , Guangquan Zhang , Zhen Fang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical for ensuring the safety and reliability of machine learning systems, particularly in dynamic and open-world environments. In the vision and text domains, zero-shot OOD detection - which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Haoyan Xu , Zhengtao Yao , Xuzhi Zhang , Ziyi Wang , Langzhou He , Yushun Dong , Philip S. Yu , Mengyuan Li , Yue Zhao

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data is a fundamental challenge in the deployment of machine learning models. From a security standpoint, this is particularly important because OOD test data can result in misleadingly confident yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Onat Gungor , Amanda Sofie Rios , Nilesh Ahuja , Tajana Rosing

Pre-trained vision-language models have exhibited remarkable abilities in detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples. However, some challenging OOD samples, which lie close to in-distribution (InD) data in image feature space, can still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Jinglun Li , Kaixun Jiang , Zhaoyu Chen , Bo Lin , Yao Tang , Weifeng Ge , Wenqiang Zhang

Adapting driving behavior to new environments, customs, and laws is a long-standing problem in autonomous driving, precluding the widespread deployment of autonomous vehicles (AVs). In this paper, we present LLaDA, a simple yet powerful…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Boyi Li , Yue Wang , Jiageng Mao , Boris Ivanovic , Sushant Veer , Karen Leung , Marco Pavone

Autonomous driving systems (ADS) are safety-critical and require comprehensive testing before their deployment on public roads. While existing testing approaches primarily aim at the criticality of scenarios, they often overlook the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Shuncheng Tang , Zhenya Zhang , Jixiang Zhou , Lei Lei , Yuan Zhou , Yinxing Xue

Over the last few years, research on autonomous systems has matured to such a degree that the field is increasingly well-positioned to translate research into practical, stakeholder-driven use cases across well-defined domains. However, for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Berkehan Ünal , Hauke Dierend , Dren Fazlija , Christopher Plachetka

Autonomous driving (AD) testing constitutes a critical methodology for assessing performance benchmarks prior to product deployment. The creation of segmented scenarios within a simulated environment is acknowledged as a robust and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Xuan Cai , Xuesong Bai , Zhiyong Cui , Danmu Xie , Daocheng Fu , Haiyang Yu , Yilong Ren

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization is a favorable yet challenging property for deep neural networks. The core challenges lie in the limited availability of source domains that help models learn an invariant representation from the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Yijiang Li , Sucheng Ren , Weipeng Deng , Yuzhi Xu , Ying Gao , Edith Ngai , Haohan Wang

Real-world crash reports, which combine textual summaries and sketches, are valuable for scenario-based testing of autonomous driving systems (ADS). However, current methods cannot effectively translate this multimodal data into precise,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Fida Khandaker Safa , Yupeng Jiang , Xi Zheng

Large code datasets have become increasingly accessible for pre-training source code models. However, for the fine-tuning phase, obtaining representative training data that fully covers the code distribution for specific downstream tasks…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Hossein Hajipour , Ning Yu , Cristian-Alexandru Staicu , Mario Fritz

Rare, yet critical, scenarios pose a significant challenge in testing and evaluating autonomous driving planners. Relying solely on real-world driving scenes requires collecting massive datasets to capture these scenarios. While automatic…