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The amount of manually labeled data is limited in medical applications, so semi-supervised learning and automatic labeling strategies can be an asset for training deep neural networks. However, the quality of the automatically generated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Wenhui Cui , Haleh Akrami , Anand A. Joshi , Richard M. Leahy

Traditional Multi-level Hierarchical Classification (MLHC) classifiers often rely on backbone models with $n$ independent output layers. This structure tends to overlook the hierarchical relationships between classes, leading to…

Supervised machine learning often requires large training sets to train accurate models, yet obtaining large amounts of labeled data is not always feasible. Hence, it becomes crucial to explore active learning methods for reducing the size…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Ashna Jose , Emilie Devijver , Massih-Reza Amini , Noel Jakse , Roberta Poloni

When incrementally trained on new classes, deep neural networks are subject to catastrophic forgetting which leads to an extreme deterioration of their performance on the old classes while learning the new ones. Using a small memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Quentin Jodelet , Xin Liu , Tsuyoshi Murata

Current deep learning solutions are well known for not informing whether they can reliably classify an example during inference. One of the most effective ways to build more reliable deep learning solutions is to improve their performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-09 David Macêdo

In applications where categorical labels follow a natural hierarchy, classification methods that exploit the label structure often outperform those that do not. Un-fortunately, the majority of classification datasets do not come…

Set-valued prediction is a well-known concept in multi-class classification. When a classifier is uncertain about the class label for a test instance, it can predict a set of classes instead of a single class. In this paper, we focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Thomas Mortier , Eyke Hüllermeier , Krzysztof Dembczyński , Willem Waegeman

We present a new perspective on the popular multi-class algorithmic techniques of one-vs-all and error correcting output codes. Rather than studying the behavior of these techniques for supervised learning, we establish a connection between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-28 Maria Florina Balcan , Travis Dick , Yishay Mansour

Fine-grained remote sensing datasets often use hierarchical label structures to differentiate objects in a coarse-to-fine manner, with each object annotated across multiple levels. However, embedding this semantic hierarchy into the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Jingzhou Chen , Dexin Chen , Fengchao Xiong , Yuntao Qian , Liang Xiao

We propose a new splitting criterion for a meta-learning approach to multiclass classifier design that adaptively merges the classes into a tree-structured hierarchy of increasingly difficult binary classification problems. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-10 Gerrit J. J. van den Burg , Alfred O. Hero

Hierarchical image recognition seeks to predict class labels along a semantic taxonomy, from broad categories to specific ones, typically under the tidy assumption that every training image is fully annotated along its taxonomy path.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Seulki Park , Zilin Wang , Stella X. Yu

Labeling a classification dataset implies to define classes and associated coarse labels, that may approximate a smoother and more complicated ground truth. For example, natural images may contain multiple objects, only one of which is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Raphael Baena , Lucas Drumetz , Vincent Gripon

Cross-entropy loss and focal loss are the most common choices when training deep neural networks for classification problems. Generally speaking, however, a good loss function can take on much more flexible forms, and should be tailored for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Zhaoqi Leng , Mingxing Tan , Chenxi Liu , Ekin Dogus Cubuk , Xiaojie Shi , Shuyang Cheng , Dragomir Anguelov

In this paper, we introduce a threshold-based framework for multiclass classification that generalizes the standard argmax rule. This is done by replacing the probabilistic interpretation of softmax outputs with a geometric one on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Francesco Marchetti , Edoardo Legnaro , Sabrina Guastavino

Self-supervised learning enables networks to learn discriminative features from massive data itself. Most state-of-the-art methods maximize the similarity between two augmentations of one image based on contrastive learning. By utilizing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-05 Jidong Ge , Yuxiang Liu , Jie Gui , Lanting Fang , Ming Lin , James Tin-Yau Kwok , LiGuo Huang , Bin Luo

Classification aids software development activities by organizing requirements in classes for easier access and retrieval. The majority of requirements classification research has, so far, focused on binary or multi-class classification.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Waleed Abdeen , Michael Unterkalmsteiner , Krzysztof Wnuk , Alexandros Chirtoglou , Christoph Schimanski , Heja Goli

Class-level machine unlearning aims to remove the influence of specified classes while preserving model utility on retained classes. Existing methods are commonly evaluated by retain-set accuracy, forget-set accuracy, and unlearning time,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Weidong Zheng , Kongyang Chen , Yuanwei Guo , Yatie Xiao

Over the past decade, deep neural networks have proven to be adept in image classification tasks, often surpassing humans in terms of accuracy. However, standard neural networks often fail to understand the concept of hierarchical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Amitangshu Mukherjee , Isha Garg , Kaushik Roy

In order to speed-up classification models when facing a large number of categories, one usual approach consists in organizing the categories in a particular structure, this structure being then used as a way to speed-up the prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-26 Aurélia Léon , Ludovic Denoyer

Deep neural networks are susceptible to label noise. Existing methods to improve robustness, such as meta-learning and regularization, usually require significant change to the network architecture or careful tuning of the optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Li Chen , Ningyuan Huang , Cong Mu , Hayden S. Helm , Kate Lytvynets , Weiwei Yang , Carey E. Priebe