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The dialogue management component of a task-oriented dialogue system is typically optimised via reinforcement learning (RL). Optimisation via RL is highly susceptible to sample inefficiency and instability. The hierarchical approach called…

Recently, data-driven task-oriented dialogue systems have achieved promising performance in English. However, developing dialogue systems that support low-resource languages remains a long-standing challenge due to the absence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Zihan Liu , Genta Indra Winata , Zhaojiang Lin , Peng Xu , Pascale Fung

End-to-end Task-Oriented Dialog (TOD) systems typically require extensive training datasets to perform well. In contrast, large language model (LLM) based TOD systems can excel even with limited data due to their ability to learn tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Vishal Vivek Saley , Rocktim Jyoti Das , Dinesh Raghu , Mausam

Pre-trained conversation models (PCMs) have achieved promising progress in recent years. However, existing PCMs for Task-oriented dialog (TOD) are insufficient for capturing the sequential nature of the TOD-related tasks, as well as for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Lucen Zhong , Hengtong Lu , Caixia Yuan , Xiaojie Wang , Jiashen Sun , Ke Zeng , Guanglu Wan

In light of recent advances in large language models (LLMs), the expectations for the next generation of virtual assistants include enhanced naturalness and adaptability across diverse usage scenarios. However, the creation of high-quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Yinhong Liu , Yimai Fang , David Vandyke , Nigel Collier

Dialogue policy optimization often obtains feedback until task completion in task-oriented dialogue systems. This is insufficient for training intermediate dialogue turns since supervision signals (or rewards) are only provided at the end…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Xinting Huang , Jianzhong Qi , Yu Sun , Rui Zhang

Learning an efficient manager of dialogue agent from data with little manual intervention is important, especially for goal-oriented dialogues. However, existing methods either take too many manual efforts (e.g. reinforcement learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-16 Zhuoxuan Jiang , Xian-Ling Mao , Ziming Huang , Jie Ma , Shaochun Li

When learning task-oriented dialogue (ToD) agents, reinforcement learning (RL) techniques can naturally be utilized to train dialogue strategies to achieve user-specific goals. Prior works mainly focus on adopting advanced RL techniques to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Yihao Feng , Shentao Yang , Shujian Zhang , Jianguo Zhang , Caiming Xiong , Mingyuan Zhou , Huan Wang

Data scarcity is one of the main problems when it comes to real-world applications of transformer-based models. This is especially evident for task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems, which require specialized datasets, that are usually not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Sebastian Steindl , Ulrich Schäfer , Bernd Ludwig

Many efforts have been made to construct dialog systems for different types of conversations, such as task-oriented dialog (TOD) and open-domain dialog (ODD). To better mimic human-level conversations that usually fuse various dialog modes,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Miaoran Li , Baolin Peng , Michel Galley , Jianfeng Gao , Zhu Zhang

Traditional goal-oriented dialogue systems rely on various components such as natural language understanding, dialogue state tracking, policy learning and response generation. Training each component requires annotations which are hard to…

One of the major impediments to the development of new task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems is the need for human evaluation at multiple stages and iterations of the development process. In an effort to move toward automated evaluation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Sam Davidson , Salvatore Romeo , Raphael Shu , James Gung , Arshit Gupta , Saab Mansour , Yi Zhang

Previous dialogue summarization datasets mainly focus on open-domain chitchat dialogues, while summarization datasets for the broadly used task-oriented dialogue haven't been explored yet. Automatically summarizing such task-oriented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Lulu Zhao , Fujia Zheng , Keqing He , Weihao Zeng , Yuejie Lei , Huixing Jiang , Wei Wu , Weiran Xu , Jun Guo , Fanyu Meng

Proactive task-oriented dialogue (TOD), such as outbound sales, demands a persuasive agent that actively probes the user's concerns and steers the conversation toward acceptance within a bounded number of turns. Yet post-trained LLMs are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Hongbin Zhang , Ning Gao , Yuqin Dai , Ruiyuan Wu , Jinpeng Wang , Rena Wei Gao , Bingdong Tan , Shuzheng Gao , Zongjie Li , Chaozheng Wang

Most existing task-oriented dialog (TOD) systems track dialog states in terms of slots and values and use them to query a database to get relevant knowledge to generate responses. In real-life applications, user utterances are noisier, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Yucheng Cai , Hong Liu , Zhijian Ou , Yi Huang , Junlan Feng

In this paper, we analyze the performance of a multitask end-to-end transformer model on the task of conversational recommendations, which aim to provide recommendations based on a user's explicit preferences expressed in dialogue. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Naveen Ram , Dima Kuzmin , Ellie Ka In Chio , Moustafa Farid Alzantot , Santiago Ontanon , Ambarish Jash , Judith Yue Li

Task-oriented dialogue systems in industry settings need to have high conversational capability, be easily adaptable to changing situations and conform to business constraints. This paper describes a 3-step procedure to develop a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Lahari Poddar , György Szarvas , Cheng Wang , Jorge Balazs , Pavel Danchenko , Patrick Ernst

Prior work on training generative Visual Dialog models with reinforcement learning(Das et al.) has explored a Qbot-Abot image-guessing game and shown that this 'self-talk' approach can lead to improved performance at the downstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-04 Vishvak Murahari , Prithvijit Chattopadhyay , Dhruv Batra , Devi Parikh , Abhishek Das

Task-oriented dialogue (ToD) benchmarks provide an important avenue to measure progress and develop better conversational agents. However, existing datasets for end-to-end ToD modeling are limited to a single language, hindering the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Zhaojiang Lin , Andrea Madotto , Genta Indra Winata , Peng Xu , Feijun Jiang , Yuxiang Hu , Chen Shi , Pascale Fung

Task-oriented dialogue systems help users accomplish tasks such as booking a movie ticket and ordering food via conversation. Generative models parameterized by a deep neural network are widely used for next turn response generation in such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Prasanna Parthasarathi , Arvind Neelakantan , Sharan Narang