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Despite the empirical successes of self-supervised learning (SSL) methods, it is unclear what characteristics of their representations lead to high downstream accuracies. In this work, we characterize properties that SSL representations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Yann Dubois , Tatsunori Hashimoto , Stefano Ermon , Percy Liang

While data selection methods have been studied extensively in active learning, data pruning, and data augmentation settings, there is little evidence for the efficacy of these methods in industry scale settings, particularly in low-resource…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Anusha Sabbineni , Nikhil Anand , Maria Minakova

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has recently received significant attention due to its ability to train high-performance encoders purely on unlabeled data-often scraped from the internet. This data can still be sensitive and empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Wenhao Wang , Muhammad Ahmad Kaleem , Adam Dziedzic , Michael Backes , Nicolas Papernot , Franziska Boenisch

Self-supervised learned models have been found to be very effective for certain speech tasks such as automatic speech recognition, speaker identification, keyword spotting and others. While the features are undeniably useful in speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-05 Ravi Shankar , Ke Tan , Buye Xu , Anurag Kumar

A mainstream type of current self-supervised learning methods pursues a general-purpose representation that can be well transferred to downstream tasks, typically by optimizing on a given pretext task such as instance discrimination. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Xin Liu , Zhongdao Wang , Yali Li , Shengjin Wang

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has attracted enormous attention due to its vast potential of mitigating the dependence on large labeled datasets. The latest methods (e.g., FixMatch) use a combination of consistency regularization and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Yuhao Chen , Xin Tan , Borui Zhao , Zhaowei Chen , Renjie Song , Jiajun Liang , Xuequan Lu

This study explores using embedding rank as an unsupervised evaluation metric for general-purpose speech encoders trained via self-supervised learning (SSL). Traditionally, assessing the performance of these encoders is resource-intensive…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-22 Zakaria Aldeneh , Vimal Thilak , Takuya Higuchi , Barry-John Theobald , Tatiana Likhomanenko

Recently, self-supervised learning (SSL) has achieved tremendous success in learning image representation. Despite the empirical success, most self-supervised learning methods are rather "inefficient" learners, typically taking hundreds of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Shengbang Tong , Yubei Chen , Yi Ma , Yann Lecun

Recently, self-supervised learning (SSL) has been extensively studied. Theoretically, mutual information maximization (MIM) is an optimal criterion for SSL, with a strong theoretical foundation in information theory. However, it is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Lele Chang , Peilin Liu , Qinghai Guo , Fei Wen

Learning sentence embeddings is a fundamental problem in natural language processing. While existing research primarily focuses on enhancing the quality of sentence embeddings, the exploration of sentence embedding dimensions is limited.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Hongwei Wang , Hongming Zhang , Dong Yu

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has grown in interest within the speech processing community, since it produces representations that are useful for many downstream tasks. SSL uses global and contextual methods to produce robust…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-08 Subrina Sultana , Donald S. Williamson

While fully-supervised deep learning yields good models for urban scene semantic segmentation, these models struggle to generalize to new environments with different lighting or weather conditions for instance. In addition, producing the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Antoine Saporta , Tuan-Hung Vu , Matthieu Cord , Patrick Pérez

Self-supervised learning (SSL) methods aim to exploit the abundance of unlabelled data for machine learning (ML), however the underlying principles are often method-specific. An SSL framework derived from biological first principles of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Franz Scherr , Qinghai Guo , Timoleon Moraitis

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has developed rapidly in recent years. However, most of the mainstream methods are computationally expensive and rely on two (or more) augmentations for each image to construct positive pairs. Moreover, they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Yun-Hao Cao , Jianxin Wu

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) has gained traction for its ability to learn rich representations with low labeling costs, applicable across diverse downstream tasks. However, assessing the downstream-task performance remains challenging due…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Takashi Maekaku , Keita Goto , Jinchuan Tian , Yusuke Shinohara , Shinji Watanabe

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) leverages both labeled and unlabeled data to train machine learning (ML) models. State-of-the-art SSL methods can achieve comparable performance to supervised learning by leveraging much fewer labeled data.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Xinlei He , Hongbin Liu , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Yang Zhang

Effective suppression of surface-related multiples is essential to prevent imaging artifacts and erroneous structural interpretations. While conventional approaches rely on accurate priors or subsurface model knowledge, and supervised…

Geophysics · Physics 2026-05-01 Huan Song , Shijun Cheng , Huanhuan Tang , Wei Ouyang , Weijian Mao

Although increasingly training-expensive, most self-supervised learning (SSL) models have repeatedly been trained from scratch but not fully utilized, since only a few SOTAs are employed for downstream tasks. In this work, we explore a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Shanghua Gao , Pan Zhou , Ming-Ming Cheng , Shuicheng Yan

State-of-the-art semi-supervised learning (SSL) approaches rely on highly confident predictions to serve as pseudo-labels that guide the training on unlabeled samples. An inherent drawback of this strategy stems from the quality of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Shambhavi Mishra , Balamurali Murugesan , Ismail Ben Ayed , Marco Pedersoli , Jose Dolz

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is a machine learning approach where the data itself provides supervision, eliminating the need for external labels. The model is forced to learn about the data structure or context by solving a pretext task.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Markus Marks , Manuel Knott , Neehar Kondapaneni , Elijah Cole , Thijs Defraeye , Fernando Perez-Cruz , Pietro Perona