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With the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), serving LLM inference requests has become an increasingly important task, attracting active research advancements. Practical workloads play an essential role in this process:…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yuxing Xiang , Xue Li , Kun Qian , Wenyuan Yu , Ennan Zhai , Xin Jin

Serverless computing has rapidly emerged as a popular cloud computing paradigm. It enables developers to implement function-level tasks, i.e., serverless functions, without managing infrastructure. While reducing operational overhead, it…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Jinfeng Wen , Yuehan Sun

As an emerging cloud computing deployment paradigm, serverless computing is gaining traction due to its efficiency and ability to harness on-demand cloud resources. However, a significant hurdle remains in the form of the cold start…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Cheryl Lee , Zhouruixing Zhu , Tianyi Yang , Yintong Huo , Yuxin Su , Pinjia He , Michael R. Lyu

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a revolutionary advancement in the contemporary landscape of artificial general intelligence (AGI). As exemplified by ChatGPT, LLM-based applications necessitate minimal response latency and maximal…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Youpeng Zhao , Jun Wang

Deploying multiple models within shared GPU clusters is a key strategy to improve resource efficiency in large language model (LLM) serving. Existing multi-LLM serving systems improve GPU utilization at the cost of degraded inference…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Chiheng Lou , Sheng Qi , Rui Kang , Yong Zhang , Chen Sun , Pengcheng Wang , Xuanzhe Liu , Xin Jin

RAPID-LLM is a unified performance modeling framework for large language model (LLM) training and inference on GPU clusters. It couples a DeepFlow-based frontend that generates hardware-aware, operator-level Chakra execution traces from an…

Transformer based Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely used in many fields, and the efficiency of LLM inference becomes hot topic in real applications. However, LLMs are usually complicatedly designed in model structure with…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Hui Wu , Yi Gan , Feng Yuan , Jing Ma , Wei Zhu , Yutao Xu , Hong Zhu , Yuhua Zhu , Xiaoli Liu , Jinghui Gu , Peng Zhao

Large language models~(LLMs) are known for their high demand on computing resources and memory due to their substantial model size, which leads to inefficient inference on moderate GPU systems. Techniques like quantization or pruning can…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Wenxiang Lin , Xinglin Pan , Shaohuai Shi , Xuan Wang , Xiaowen Chu

Serverless computing abstracts away server management, enabling automatic scaling, efficient resource utilization, and cost-effective pricing models. However, despite these advantages, it faces the significant challenge of cold-start…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Syed Salauddin Mohammad Tariq , Ali Al Zein , Soumya Sripad Vaidya , Arati Khanolkar , Zheng Song , Probir Roy

Large language model (LLM) inference at the network edge is a promising serving paradigm that leverages distributed edge resources to run inference near users and enhance privacy. Existing edge-based LLM inference systems typically adopt…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-14 Bingjie Zhu , Zhixiong Chen , Liqiang Zhao , Hyundong Shin , Arumugam Nallanathan

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) has created significant challenges for efficient inference at scale. Unlike traditional workloads, LLM inference is constrained by both computation and the memory overhead of key-value (KV)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Chengyi Nie , Nian Si , Zijie Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across a wide range of tasks, but serving them efficiently at scale remains a critical challenge due to their substantial computational and latency demands. While most existing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yifan Sun , Gholamreza Haffari , Minxian Xu , Rajkumar Buyya , Adel N. Toosi

Finetuning large language models (LLMs) is essential for task adaptation, yet today's serving stacks isolate inference and finetuning on separate GPU clusters -- wasting resources and under-utilizing hardware. We introduce FlexLLM, the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Gabriele Oliaro , Xupeng Miao , Xinhao Cheng , Vineeth Kada , Mengdi Wu , Ruohan Gao , Yingyi Huang , Remi Delacourt , April Yang , Yingcheng Wang , Colin Unger , Zhihao Jia

Augmented Large Language Models (LLMs) enhance the capabilities of standalone LLMs by integrating external data sources through API calls. In interactive LLM applications, efficient scheduling is crucial for maintaining low request…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Rana Shahout , Cong Liang , Shiji Xin , Qianru Lao , Yong Cui , Minlan Yu , Michael Mitzenmacher

Serverless computing offers attractive scalability, elasticity and cost-effectiveness. However, constraints on memory, CPU and function runtime have hindered its adoption for data-intensive applications and machine learning (ML) workloads.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Joe Oakley , Hakan Ferhatosmanoglu

Inference-time scaling has emerged as a powerful way to improve large language model (LLM) performance by generating multiple candidate responses and selecting among them. However, existing work on dynamic allocation for test-time compute…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Jenny Y. Huang , Mehul Damani , Yousef El-Kurdi , Ramon Astudillo , Wei Sun

Nowadays, many companies possess various types of AI accelerators, forming heterogeneous clusters. Efficiently leveraging these clusters for high-throughput large language model (LLM) inference services can significantly reduce costs and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Yi Xiong , Jinqi Huang , Wenjie Huang , Xuebing Yu , Entong Li , Zhixiong Ning , Jinhua Zhou , Li Zeng , Xin Chen

Transformer-based large language model (LLM) inference serving is now the backbone of many cloud services. LLM inference consists of a prefill phase and a decode phase. However, existing LLM deployment practices often overlook the distinct…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Cunchen Hu , Heyang Huang , Liangliang Xu , Xusheng Chen , Jiang Xu , Shuang Chen , Hao Feng , Chenxi Wang , Sa Wang , Yungang Bao , Ninghui Sun , Yizhou Shan

Rapid adoption of the serverless (or Function-as-a-Service, FaaS) paradigm, pioneered by Amazon with AWS Lambda and followed by numerous commercial offerings and open source projects, introduces new challenges in designing the cloud…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-04-01 Ping-Min Lin , Alex Glikson

While deploying large language models on edge devices promises low-latency and privacy-preserving AI services, it is hindered by limited device resources. Although pipeline parallelism facilitates distributed inference, existing approaches…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Xuran Liu , Nan Xue , Rui Bao , Yaping Sun , Zhiyong Chen , Meixia Tao , Xiaodong Xu , Shuguang Cui