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Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) is widely studied for its effectiveness and efficiency in the era of large language models. Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has demonstrated commendable performance as a popular and representative method.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Zequan Liu , Jiawen Lyn , Wei Zhu , Xing Tian , Yvette Graham

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) is a popular method for tailoring pre-trained large language models (LLMs), especially as the models' scale and the diversity of tasks increase. Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is based on the idea that the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Pengjie Ren , Chengshun Shi , Shiguang Wu , Mengqi Zhang , Zhaochun Ren , Maarten de Rijke , Zhumin Chen , Jiahuan Pei

Large pre-trained models are commonly adapted to downstream tasks using parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), which injects small trainable low-rank matrices instead of updating all weights. While LoRA…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Nurbek Tastan , Stefanos Laskaridis , Martin Takac , Karthik Nandakumar , Samuel Horvath

Although the advancements of pre-trained Large Language Models have significantly accelerated recent progress in NLP, their ever-increasing size poses significant challenges for conventional fine-tuning, especially in memory-intensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Chenxi Whitehouse , Fantine Huot , Jasmijn Bastings , Mostafa Dehghani , Chu-Cheng Lin , Mirella Lapata

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) is computationally intensive because it requires updating all parameters. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) improves efficiency by modifying only a subset of weights but introduces a trade-off between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Abdessalam Ed-dib , Zhanibek Datbayev , Amine Mohamed Aboussalah

Merging multiple expert models offers a promising approach for performing multi-task learning without accessing their original data. Existing methods attempt to alleviate task conflicts by sparsifying task vectors or promoting orthogonality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yongxian Wei , Anke Tang , Li Shen , Zixuan Hu , Chun Yuan , Xiaochun Cao

Low-rank Adaptation (LoRA) models have revolutionized the personalization of pre-trained diffusion models by enabling fine-tuning through low-rank, factorized weight matrices specifically optimized for attention layers. These models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Mert Sonmezer , Matthew Zheng , Pinar Yanardag

In this paper, we show that Low Rank Adaptation (LoRA) as originally introduced in Hu et al. (2021) leads to suboptimal finetuning of models with large width (embedding dimension). This is due to the fact that adapter matrices A and B in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Soufiane Hayou , Nikhil Ghosh , Bin Yu

Dense retrieval systems increasingly need to handle complex queries. In many realistic settings, users express intent through long instructions or task-specific descriptions, while target documents remain relatively simple and static. This…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Seiji Maekawa , Moin Aminnaseri , Pouya Pezeshkpour , Estevam Hruschka

Fine-tuning techniques based on Large Pretrained Language Models (LPLMs) have been proven to significantly enhance model performance on a variety of downstream tasks and effectively control the output behaviors of LPLMs. Recent studies have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yao Liang , Yuwei Wang , Yang Li , Yi Zeng

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a cost-effective way to incorporate information from a specific dataset. However, when a problem requires incorporating information from multiple datasets - as in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Liyi Zhang , Jake Snell , Thomas L. Griffiths

We systematically investigate the parameter-efficient fine-tuning design space under practical data and compute constraints, and propose D2-LoRA. D2-LoRA achieves 76.4 percent average accuracy across eight question answering and reading…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Nozomu Fujisawa , Masaaki Kondo

Large Language Models have shown remarkable capabilities in the NLP domain. Their effectiveness can mainly be attributed to their ability to adapt to an array of downstream tasks. However, generally, full fine-tuning is a computationally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Harsh Bihany , Shubham Patel , Ashutosh Modi

Modern learning systems increasingly rely on amortized learning - the idea of reusing computation or inductive biases shared across tasks to enable rapid generalization to novel problems. This principle spans a range of approaches,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Sarthak Mittal , Divyat Mahajan , Guillaume Lajoie , Mohammad Pezeshki

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, such as LoRA, reduce adaptation cost by injecting low-rank updates into pretrained weights. However, LoRA's down-projection is randomly initialized and data-agnostic, discarding potentially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Yuan Yin , Shashanka Venkataramanan , Tuan-Hung Vu , Andrei Bursuc , Matthieu Cord

Large-scale pretraining followed by task-specific finetuning has achieved great success in various NLP tasks. Since finetuning all parameters of large pretrained models poses substantial computational and memory challenges, several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Ruiyi Zhang , Rushi Qiang , Sai Ashish Somayajula , Pengtao Xie

In this paper, we develop a new sequential regression modeling approach for data streams. Data streams are commonly found around us, e.g in a retail enterprise sales data is continuously collected every day. A demand forecasting model is an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-01-11 Chitta Ranjan , Samaneh Ebrahimi , Kamran Paynabar

Fine-tuning is the primary methodology for tailoring pre-trained large language models to specific tasks. As the model's scale and the diversity of tasks expand, parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods are of paramount importance. One of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Wenhan Xia , Chengwei Qin , Elad Hazan

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) enables efficient Continual Learning but often suffers from catastrophic forgetting due to destructive interference between tasks. Our analysis reveals that this degradation is primarily driven by antagonistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Yueer Zhou , Yichen Wu , Ying Wei

Federated fine-tuning for Large Language Models (LLMs) faces significant challenges due to the heavy communication overhead of transmitting large model updates. Although Low Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has been proposed as a solution, yet its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Jabin Koo , Minwoo Jang , Jungseul Ok