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Decision Transformer, a promising approach that applies Transformer architectures to reinforcement learning, relies on causal self-attention to model sequences of states, actions, and rewards. While this method has shown competitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Toshihiro Ota

The Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have been extensively researched for large language models in downstream tasks. Among all the existing approaches, the Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has gained popularity for its streamlined…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Tangyu Jiang , Haodi Wang , Chun Yuan

As foundation models continue to exponentially scale in size, efficient methods of adaptation become increasingly critical. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT), a recent class of techniques that require only modifying a small percentage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-01 George Pu , Anirudh Jain , Jihan Yin , Russell Kaplan

State-space models (SSMs), particularly the Mamba architecture, have emerged as powerful alternatives to Transformers for sequence modeling, offering linear-time complexity and competitive performance across diverse tasks. However, their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ibne Farabi Shihab , Sanjeda Akter , Anuj Sharma

The success of large language models (LLMs), like GPT-4 and ChatGPT, has led to the development of numerous cost-effective and accessible alternatives that are created by finetuning open-access LLMs with task-specific data (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Zhiqiang Hu , Lei Wang , Yihuai Lan , Wanyu Xu , Ee-Peng Lim , Lidong Bing , Xing Xu , Soujanya Poria , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Transformer-based architectures have become the backbone of both uni-modal and multi-modal foundation models, largely due to their scalability via attention mechanisms, resulting in a rich ecosystem of publicly available pre-trained models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Xiuwei Chen , Wentao Hu , Xiao Dong , Sihao Lin , Zisheng Chen , Meng Cao , Yina Zhuang , Jianhua Han , Hang Xu , Xiaodan Liang

Adapting vision transformer foundation models through parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods has become increasingly popular. These methods optimize a limited subset of parameters, enabling efficient adaptation without the need to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Son Thai Ly , Hien V. Nguyen

Large models such as Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Language Models (VLMs) have transformed artificial intelligence, powering applications in natural language processing, computer vision, and multimodal learning. However, fully…

Transformers have widely adopted attention networks for sequence mixing and MLPs for channel mixing, playing a pivotal role in achieving breakthroughs across domains. However, recent literature highlights issues with attention networks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Badri N. Patro , Vijay S. Agneeswaran

Point cloud foundation models demonstrate strong generalization, yet adapting them to downstream tasks remains challenging in low-data regimes. Full fine-tuning often leads to overfitting and significant drift from pre-trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Sneha Paul , Zachary Patterson , Nizar Bouguila

Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) techniques have drawn significant attention due to their ability to yield competitive results while updating only a small portion of the adjustable parameters. However, existing PEFT methods pose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Muling Wu , Wenhao Liu , Xiaohua Wang , Tianlong Li , Changze Lv , Zixuan Ling , Jianhao Zhu , Cenyuan Zhang , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang

Recent studies applied Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning techniques (PEFTs) to efficiently narrow the performance gap between pre-training and downstream. There are two important factors for various PEFTs, namely, the accessible data size and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Yuxin Tian , Mouxing Yang , Yunfan Li , Dayiheng Liu , Xingzhang Ren , Xi Peng , Jiancheng Lv

The quadratic complexity of the attention mechanism in Transformer models has motivated the development of alternative architectures with sub-quadratic scaling, such as state-space models. Among these, Mamba has emerged as a leading…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Peng Lu , Jerry Huang , Qiuhao Zeng , Xinyu Wang , Boxing Chen , Philippe Langlais , Yufei Cui

In recent speech enhancement (SE) research, transformer and its variants have emerged as the predominant methodologies. However, the quadratic complexity of the self-attention mechanism imposes certain limitations on practical deployment.…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Junyu Wang , Zizhen Lin , Tianrui Wang , Meng Ge , Longbiao Wang , Jianwu Dang

With the surge in digital content in low-resource languages, there is an escalating demand for advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques tailored to these languages. BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Pranita Deshmukh , Nikita Kulkarni , Sanhita Kulkarni , Kareena Manghani , Raviraj Joshi

Due to their substantial sizes, large language models (LLMs) are typically deployed within a single-backbone multi-tenant framework. In this setup, a single instance of an LLM backbone must cater to multiple users or tasks through the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Tianfang Xie , Tianjing Li , Wei Zhu , Wei Han , Yi Zhao

The rise of deep learning has marked significant progress in fields such as computer vision, natural language processing, and medical imaging, primarily through the adaptation of pre-trained models for specific tasks. Traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Charith Chandra Sai Balne , Sreyoshi Bhaduri , Tamoghna Roy , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha

Popular parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, such as LoRA and its variants, freeze pre-trained model weights \(W\) and inject learnable matrices \(\Delta W\). These \(\Delta W\) matrices are structured for efficient…

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) is an efficient alternative to full scale fine-tuning, gaining popularity recently. With pre-trained model sizes growing exponentially, PEFT can be effectively utilized to fine-tune compact modules,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Mann Patel , Divyajyoti Panda , Hilay Mehta , Parth Patel , Dhruv Parikh

It has become a popular paradigm to transfer the knowledge of large-scale pre-trained models to various downstream tasks via fine-tuning the entire model parameters. However, with the growth of model scale and the rising number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Anchun Gui , Jinqiang Ye , Han Xiao