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We search for isotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) in the International Pulsar Timing Array second data release. By modeling the SGWB as a power-law, we find very strong Bayesian evidence for a common-spectrum process,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-28 Zu-Cheng Chen , Yu-Mei Wu , Qing-Guo Huang

Direct detection of gravitational waves by pulsar timing arrays will become feasible over the next few years. In the low frequency regime ($10^{-7}$ Hz -- $10^{-9}$ Hz), we expect that a superposition of gravitational waves from many…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Justin Ellis , Xavier Siemens , Rutger van Haasteren

The goal of the MeerKAT radio telescope's pulsar timing array programme (MPTA) is the detection of gravitational waves (GWs) of nanohertz frequencies. Evidence for such a signal was recently announced by the MPTA and several other pulsar…

The observation of massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) with Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) is one of the goals of gravitational wave astronomy in the coming years. Massive (>10^8 solar masses) and low-redshift (< 1.5) sources are expected to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-05-19 Alberto Sesana , Alberto Vecchio

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are Galactic-scale nanohertz-frequency gravitational wave (GW) detectors. Recently, several PTAs have found evidence for the presence of GWs in their datasets, but none of them have achieved a community-defined…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-06 Pratyasha Gitika , Ryan M. Shannon , Matthew Bailes , Daniel J. Reardon , Matthew T. Miles , David J. Champion , Kathrin Grunthal

We discuss the interpretation of the detected signal by Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) observations as a gravitational wave background (GWB) of cosmological origin. We combine NANOGrav 15-years and EPTA-DR2new data sets and confront them against…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-29 Daniel G. Figueroa , Mauro Pieroni , Angelo Ricciardone , Peera Simakachorn

We have begun an exciting era for gravitational wave detection, as several world-leading experiments are breaching the threshold of anticipated signal strengths. Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are pan-Galactic gravitational wave detectors that…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-11-26 Sarah Burke-Spolaor

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) detect low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) by looking for correlated deviations in pulse arrival times. Current Bayesian searches use Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, which struggle to sample the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-08 Gabriel E. Freedman , Aaron D. Johnson , Rutger van Haasteren , Sarah J. Vigeland

Gravitational waves are a radically new way to peer into the darkest depths of the cosmos. Pulsars can be used to make direct detections of gravitational waves through precision timing. When a gravitational wave passes between a pulsar and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-05-28 Stephen R. Taylor

We analyse the stochastic properties of the 49 pulsars that comprise the first International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA) data release. We use Bayesian methodology, performing model selection to determine the optimal description of the…

Within the next several years pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are positioned to detect the stochastic gravitational-wave background (GWB) likely produced by the collection of inspiralling super-massive black holes binaries, and potentially…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-24 Yacine Ali-Haïmoud , Tristan L. Smith , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli

Various pulsar timing array (PTA) experiments (NANOGrav, EPTA, PPTA, CPTA, including data from InPTA) very recently reported evidence for excess red common-spectrum signals in their latest datasets, with inter-pulsar correlations following…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-25 Sunny Vagnozzi

Pulsar timing array experiments have recently reported strong evidence for a common-spectrum stochastic process with a strain spectral index consistent with that expected of a nanohertz-frequency gravitational-wave background, but with…

The observations from pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), led by the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav), have provided opportunities to constrain primordial gravitational waves at low frequencies. In this…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-07 Lu Yin

Precision timing of highly stable milli-second pulsars is a promising technique for the detection of very low frequency sources of gravitational waves. In any single pulsar, a stochastic gravitational wave signal appears as an additional…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-06-01 Neil J. Cornish , Laura M. Sampson

Gravitational-wave (GW) parameter estimation typically assumes that instrumental noise is Gaussian and stationary. Obvious departures from this idealization are typically handled on a case-by-case basis, e.g., through bespoke procedures to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-15 Ronan Legin , Maximiliano Isi , Kaze W. K. Wong , Yashar Hezaveh , Laurence Perreault-Levasseur

Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) use high accuracy timing of a collection of low timing noise pulsars to search for gravitational waves in the microhertz to nanohertz frequency band. The sensitivity of such a PTA depends on (a) the direction of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-17 Brian J. Burt , Andrea N. Lommen , Lee Samuel Finn

The gravitational waves (GWs) from supermassive binary black holes (BBHs) are long sought by pulsar timing array experiments (PTAs), in the forms of both a stochastic GW background (GWB) and individual sources. The evidence for a GWB was…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-09-27 Yunfeng Chen , Qingjuan Yu , Youjun Lu
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