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The ongoing evolution of language models has led to the development of large-scale architectures that demonstrate exceptional performance across a wide range of tasks. However, these models come with significant computational and energy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Xialie Zhuang , Peixian Ma , Zhikai Jia , Zane Cao , Shiwei Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in reasoning tasks through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting. However, CoT prompting greatly increases computational demands, which has prompted growing interest in distilling CoT capabilities into Small…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xinghao Chen , Zhijing Sun , Wenjin Guo , Miaoran Zhang , Yanjun Chen , Yirong Sun , Hui Su , Yijie Pan , Dietrich Klakow , Wenjie Li , Xiaoyu Shen

The recommendation of medication is a vital aspect of intelligent healthcare systems, as it involves prescribing the most suitable drugs based on a patient's specific health needs. Unfortunately, many sophisticated models currently in use…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Qidong Liu , Xian Wu , Xiangyu Zhao , Yuanshao Zhu , Zijian Zhang , Feng Tian , Yefeng Zheng

Large code models (LCMs) have remarkably advanced the field of code generation. Despite their impressive capabilities, they still face practical deployment issues, such as high inference costs, limited accessibility of proprietary LCMs, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yujia Chen , Yang Ye , Zhongqi Li , Yuchi Ma , Cuiyun Gao

In this work, we present the first systematic evaluation of catastrophic forgetting and modality inequivalence in speech large language models, showing that introducing speech capabilities can degrade knowledge and reasoning even when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Enzhi Wang , Qicheng Li , Zhiyuan Tang , Yuhang Jia

Recent large reasoning models such as DeepSeek-R1 exhibit strong complex problems solving abilities by generating long chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning steps. It is challenging to directly train small language models (SLMs) to emerge long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Zhaoyang Wang , Jinqi Jiang , Tian Qiu , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Huaxiu Yao

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant challenges at inference time due to their high computational demands. To address this, we present Performance-Guided Knowledge Distillation (PGKD), a cost-effective and high-throughput solution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Flavio Di Palo , Prateek Singhi , Bilal Fadlallah

In real-world NLP applications, Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promising solutions due to their extensive training on vast datasets. However, the large size and high computation demands of LLMs limit their practicality in many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Juanhui Li , Sreyashi Nag , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Sheikh Sarwar , Limeng Cui , Hansu Gu , Suhang Wang , Qi He , Jiliang Tang

We introduce a novel approach to large language model (LLM) distillation by formulating it as a constrained reinforcement learning problem. While recent work has begun exploring the integration of task-specific rewards into distillation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Matthieu Zimmer , Xiaotong Ji , Tu Nguyen , Haitham Bou Ammar

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance across a wide range of natural language processing tasks. However, deploying LLMs at scale for domain specific applications, such as job-person fit and explanation in job seeking…

Knowledge distillation from large language models (LLMs) assumes that the teacher's output distribution is a high-quality training signal. On reasoning tasks, this assumption is frequently violated. A model's intermediate representations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Ryan Brown , Chris Russell

As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to grow in both capability and cost, transferring frontier capabilities into smaller, deployable students has become a central engineering problem, and knowledge distillation remains the dominant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Mingyang Song , Mao Zheng

Effective code generation with language models hinges on two critical factors: accurately understanding the intent of the prompt and generating code that applies algorithmic reasoning to produce correct solutions capable of passing diverse…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Amir Jalilifard , Anderson de Rezende Rocha , Marcos Medeiros Raimundo

Reasoning distillation aims to transfer multi-step reasoning capabilities from large language models to smaller, more efficient ones. While recent methods have shown promising gains, they typically rely on static teacher-student hierarchies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Khouloud Saadi , Di Wang

Reasoning distillation transfers complex reasoning abilities from large language models (LLMs) to smaller ones, yet its success depends on how well the training data align with the student model. This paper introduces the Data-Model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jiahao Huang , Fei Cheng , Junfeng Jiang , Akiko Aizawa

This survey paper delves into the emerging and critical area of symbolic knowledge distillation in Large Language Models (LLMs). As LLMs like Generative Pre-trained Transformer-3 (GPT-3) and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Kamal Acharya , Alvaro Velasquez , Houbing Herbert Song

Although large language models (LLMs) have recently achieved remarkable performance on various complex reasoning benchmarks, the academic community still lacks an in-depth understanding of base model training processes and data quality. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Xiaoyu Tian , Sitong Zhao , Haotian Wang , Shuaiting Chen , Yiping Peng , Yunjie Ji , Han Zhao , Xiangang Li

Fine-grained sentiment analysis (FSA) aims to extract and summarize user opinions from vast opinionated text. Recent studies demonstrate that large language models (LLMs) possess exceptional sentiment understanding capabilities. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Yice Zhang , Guangyu Xie , Hongling Xu , Kaiheng Hou , Jianzhu Bao , Qianlong Wang , Shiwei Chen , Ruifeng Xu

Knowledge distillation is a key technique for transferring the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) into smaller, more efficient student models. Existing distillation approaches often overlook two critical factors: the learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Jincheng Cao , Fanzhi Zeng , Leqi Liu , Aryan Mokhtari

While large language models (LLMs) have been pre-trained on multilingual corpora, their performance still lags behind in most languages compared to a few resource-rich languages. One common approach to mitigate this issue is to translate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yuanchi Zhang , Yile Wang , Zijun Liu , Shuo Wang , Xiaolong Wang , Peng Li , Maosong Sun , Yang Liu
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