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Attosecond streaking camera is an ex situ technique in which a linearly polarized (LP) XUV attopulse produces an electron wavepacket by photoionization in the presence of an IR femtopulse. By moving the two synchronous oppositely circularly…
We study the propagation of electrons in a circular quantum dot of gapped graphene subject to the magnetic flux $\phi$. We present analytical expressions for the eigenstates, scattering coefficients, scattering efficiency and radial…
A consistent theory of electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) includes two indispensable elements: (i) electronic response of the target system and (ii) quantum kinematics of probing electrons. While for the bulk materials and their…
Extreme-ultraviolet pulses can propagate through ionised solid-density targets, unlike optical pulses and, thus, have the potential to probe the interior of such plasmas on sub-femtosecond timescales. We present a synthetic diagnostic…
We present an experimental observation of non-linear up- and down-converted optical luminescence of graphene and thin graphite subject to picosecond infrared laser pulses. We show that the excitation yields to a high density electron-hole…
Theory predicts that with an ultrashort and extremely bright coherent X-ray pulse, a single diffraction pattern may be recorded from a large macromolecule, a virus, or a cell before the sample explodes and turns into a plasma. Here we…
High-harmonic spectroscopy driven by circularly-polarized laser pulses and their counter-rotating second harmonic is a new branch of attosecond science which currently lacks quantitative interpretations. We extend this technique to the…
An electrical pulse E(t) is completely defined by its time-dependent amplitude and polarisation direction. For optical pulses the manipulation and characterisation of the light polarisation state is fundamental due to its relevance in…
Ultrafast processes in matter, such as the electron emission following light absorption, can now be studied using ultrashort light pulses of attosecond duration ($10^{-18}$s) in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range. The lack of spectral…
Shaping electron beams with the cycles of light provides femtosecond and attosecond time resolution in electron microscopy and enables fundamental quantum-coherent measurements. However, efficient light-electron control requires a prolonged…
The recently developed information-theoretic approach to crystallographic symmetry classifications and quantifications in two dimensions (2D) from digital transmission electron and scanning probe microscope images is adapted for the…
Refraction and diffraction of waves in natural crystals and artificial crystals formed by anisotropically scattering centers are considered. A detailed study of the electromagnetic wave refraction in a two-dimensional photonic crystal…
The unique optical properties of graphene, with broadband absorption and ultrafast response, make it a critical component of optoelectronic and spintronic devices. Using time-resolved momentum microscopy with high data rate and high dynamic…
The generation of ultra-strong attosecond pulses through laser-plasma interactions offers the opportunity to surpass the intensity of any known laboratory radiation source, giving rise to new experimental possibilities, such as quantum…
We reveal a dramatic departure of electron thermodiffusion in solids relative to the commonly accepted picture of the ideal free-electron gas model. In particular, we show that the interaction with the lattice and impurities, combined with…
Ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) is a powerful method for studying time-resolved structural changes. Currently, space charge induced temporal broadening prevents obtaining high brightness electron pulses with sub-100 fs durations…
Laboratory measurements are used to constrain the dielectric tensor for graphite, from microwave to X-ray frequencies. The dielectric tensor is strongly anisotropic even at X-ray energies. The discrete dipole approximation is employed for…
The interaction between relativistic electron beams and intense laser fields has been extensively studied for generating high-energy radiation. However, achieving coherent radiation from such interactions needs to precisely control the…
Electron spectroscopy implemented in electron microscopes provides high spatial resolution, down to the atomic scale, of the chemical, electronic, vibrational and optical properties of materials. In this review, we will describe how…
Metasurfaces impart phase discontinuities on impinging electromagnetic waves that are typically limited to 0-2$\pi$. Here, we show that they can break free from this limitation and supply arbitrarily-large phase modulation over ultra-wide…