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Cybersecurity is increasingly a concern for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and there exist many awareness training programs and tools for them. The literature mainly studies SMEs as a unitary type of company and provides…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Alireza Shojaifar , Heini Jarvinen

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly vulnerable to cyber threats due to limited resources and cybersecurity expertise, in addition to an increasingly hostile cyber threat environment at national and international levels.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Miriam Curtin , Brian Sheehan , Melanie Gruben , Nikoletta Kozma , Gillian O'Carroll , Hazel Murray

Key decision-makers in small and medium businesses (SMBs) often lack the awareness and knowledge to implement cybersecurity measures effectively. To gain a deeper understanding of how SMB executives navigate cybersecurity decision-making,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Yuanhaur Chang , Oren Heller , Yaniv Shlomo , Iddo Bar-Noy , Ella Bokobza , Michal Grinstein-Weiss , Ning Zhang

In an increasingly interconnected world, cybersecurity professionals play a pivotal role in safeguarding organizations from cyber threats. To secure their cyberspace, organizations are forced to adopt a cybersecurity framework such as the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Colman McGuan , Aadithyan V. Raghavan , Komala M. Mandapati , Chansu Yu , Brian E. Ray , Debbie K. Jackson , Sathish Kumar

Cyber threats affect all kinds of organisations. Risk analysis is an essential methodology for cybersecurity as it allows organisations to deal with the cyber threats potentially affecting them, prioritise the defence of their assets and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-20 David Rios Insua , Aitor Couce Vieira , Jose Antonio Rubio , Wolter Pieters , Katsiaryna Labunets , Daniel Garcia Rasines

Purpose: An essential component of an organisation's cybersecurity strategy is building awareness and education of online threats, and how to protect corporate data and services. This research article focuses on this topic and proposes a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Maria Bada , Jason R. C. Nurse

The rising complexity of cyber threats calls for a comprehensive reassessment of current security frameworks in business environments. This research focuses on Stealth Data Exfiltration, a significant cyber threat characterized by covert…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Sanjeev Pratap Singh , Naveed Afzal

In today's rapidly evolving digital landscape, organisations face escalating cyber threats that can disrupt operations, compromise sensitive data, and inflict financial and reputational harm. A key reason for this lies in the organisations'…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Lasini Liyanage , Nalin Arachchilage , Giovanni Russello

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are pivotal in the global economy, accounting for over 90% of businesses and 60% of employment worldwide. Despite their significance, SMEs are often disregarded in cybersecurity initiatives, rendering…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Carlos Rombaldo Junior , Ingolf Becker , Shane Johnson

Small-Medium Businesses (SMBs) are essential to global economies yet remain highly vulnerable to cyberattacks due to limited budgets, inadequate cybersecurity expertise, and underestimation of cyber risks. Their increasing reliance on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ahmed M. Abdelmagid , Barry C. Ezell , Michael McShane

The lack of high-quality public cyber incident data limits empirical research and predictive modeling for cyber risk assessment. This challenge persists due to the reluctance of companies to disclose incidents that could damage their…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-20 Jiayi Guo , Zhiyu Quan , Linfeng Zhang

Cyber risk refers to the risk of defacing reputation, monetary losses, or disruption of an organization or individuals, and this situation usually occurs by the unconscious use of cyber systems. The cyber risk is unhurriedly increasing day…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Fatama Tuz Johora , Md Shahedul Islam Khan , Esrath Kanon , Mohammad Abu Tareq Rony , Md Zubair , Iqbal H. Sarker

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) have become the weak spot of our economy for cyber attacks. These companies are large in number and often do not have the controls in place to prevent successful attacks, respectively are not…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Alireza Shojaifar , Samuel A. Fricker , Martin Gwerder

In the rapidly evolving digital landscape, where organisations are increasingly vulnerable to cybersecurity threats, Cybersecurity Capability Maturity Models (CCMMs) emerge as pivotal tools in enhancing organisational cybersecurity posture.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Lasini Liyanage , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage , Giovanni Russello

The cloud model allows many enterprises able to outsource computing resources at an affordable price without having to commit the expense upfront. Although the cloud providers are responsible for the security of the cloud, there are still…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Hootan Alavizadeh , Hooman Alavizadeh , Julian Jang-Jaccard

Securing enterprise networks presents challenges in terms of both their size and distributed structure. Data required to detect and characterize malicious activities may be diffused and may be located across network and endpoint devices.…

The widespread adoption of microservice architectures has given rise to a new set of software security challenges. These challenges stem from the unique features inherent in microservices. It is important to systematically assess and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Majid Abdulsatar , Hussain Ahmad , Diksha Goel , Faheem Ullah

SMEs constitute a very large part of the economy in every country and they play an important role in economic growth and social development. SMEs are frequent targets of cybersecurity attacks similar to large enterprises. However, unlike…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-06 Bilge Yigit Ozkan , Marco Spruit

We are releasing a new suite of security benchmarks for LLMs, CYBERSECEVAL 3, to continue the conversation on empirically measuring LLM cybersecurity risks and capabilities. CYBERSECEVAL 3 assesses 8 different risks across two broad…

Cybersecurity planning is challenging for digitized companies that want adequate protection without overspending money. Currently, the lack of investments and perverse economic incentives are the root cause of cyberattacks, which results in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Muriel Figueredo Franco , Christian Omlin , Oliver Kamer , Eder John Scheid , Burkhard Stiller
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