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Let $a>1$ be an integer. Denote by $l_a(p)$ the multiplicative order of $a$ modulo primes $p$. We prove that if $\frac{x}{\log x\log\log x}=o(y)$, then $$\frac 1 y \sum_{a\leq y}\sum_{p\leq x}\frac{1}{l_a(p)}=\log x + C\log\log…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-02-10 Sungjin Kim

For an $n$-bit positive integer $a$ written in binary as $$ a = \sum_{j=0}^{n-1} \varepsilon_{j}(a) \,2^j $$ where, $\varepsilon_j(a) \in \{0,1\}$, $j\in\{0, \ldots, n-1\}$, $\varepsilon_{n-1}(a)=1$, let us define $$ \overleftarrow{a} =…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-14 Cécile Dartyge , Bruno Martin , Joël Rivat , Igor E. Shparlinski , Cathy Swaenepoel

Denote by $\lambda(n)$ Liouville's function concerning the parity of the number of prime divisors of $n$. Using a theorem of Allouche, Mend\`es France, and Peyri\`ere and many classical results from the theory of the distribution of prime…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2008-10-30 Michael Coons

Fix $a \in \mathbb{Z}$, $a\notin \{0,\pm 1\}$. A simple argument shows that for each $\epsilon > 0$, and almost all (asymptotically 100% of) primes $p$, the multiplicative order of $a$ modulo $p$ exceeds $p^{\frac12-\epsilon}$. It is an…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-30 Komal Agrawal , Paul Pollack

The {\em Total Influence} ({\em Average Sensitivity) of a discrete function is one of its fundamental measures. We study the problem of approximating the total influence of a monotone Boolean function \ifnum\plusminus=1 $f: \{\pm1\}^n…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-01-28 Dana Ron , Ronitt Rubinfeld , Muli Safra , Omri Weinstein

Let $\omega(n)$ denote the number of distinct prime factors of $n$. Assuming a suitably uniform version of the prime $k$-tuples conjecture, we show that the number \begin{align*} \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{\omega(n)}{2^n} \end{align*} is…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-24 Kyle Pratt

We investigate the first moment of primes in progressions $$ \sum_{\substack{q\leq x/N \\ (q,a)=1}} \Big(\psi(x; q, a) - \frac x{\varphi(q)}\Big) $$ as $x, N \to \infty$. We show unconditionally that, when $a=1$, there is a significant bias…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-07 Sary Drappeau , Daniel Fiorilli

In this paper, we study the probability that some weighted partial sums of a random multiplicative function $f$ are positive. Applying the characteristic decomposition, we obtain that if $S$ is a non-empty subset of the multiplicative…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-15 Shuming Liu , Bing He

Let $\lambda (n)$ denote the Liouville function. Complementary to the prime number theorem, Chowla conjectured that \vspace{1mm} \noindent {\bf Conjecture (Chowla).} {\em \begin{equation} \label{a.1} \sum_{n\le x} \lambda (f(n)) =o(x)…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-08-15 Peter Borwein , Stephen K. K. Choi , Himadri Ganguli

Let $f$ be a real polynomial with irrational leading co-efficient. In this article, we derive distribution of $f(n)$ modulo one for all $n$ with at least three divisors and also we study distribution of $f(n)$ for all square-free $n$ with…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-06 Nilanjan Bag , Dwaipayan Mazumder

A $\textit{square-full}$ number is a positive integer for which all its prime divisors divide itself at least twice. The counting function of square-full integers of the form $f(n)$ for $n\leqslant N$ is denoted by…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-14 Watcharakiete Wongcharoenbhorn , Yotsanan Meemark

It is shown that two conjectures put forward in the recent article Iksanov and Kostohryz (2025) are true. Namely, we prove a functional central limit theorem (FCLT) and a law of the iterated logarithm (LIL) for a random Dirichlet series…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-08-22 Congzao Dong , Alexander Iksanov

We introduce a general class $F_0$ of additive functions $f$ such that $f(p) = 1$ and prove a tight bound for exponential sums of the form $\sum_{n \le x} f(n) e(\alpha n)$ where $f \in F_0$ and $e(\theta) = \exp(2\pi i \theta)$. Both…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-13 Ayla Gafni , Nicolas Robles

We determine the behavior of multiplicative functions vanishing at a positive proportion of prime numbers in almost all short intervals. Furthermore we quantify "almost all" with uniform power-saving upper bounds, that is, we save a power…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-07-09 Kaisa Matomäki , Maksym Radziwiłł

Asymptotics deviation probabilities of the sum S n = X 1 + $\times$ $\times$ $\times$ + X n of independent and identically distributed real-valued random variables have been extensively investigated, in particular when X 1 is not…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-01-21 Fabien Brosset , Thierry Klein , Agnès Lagnoux , Pierre Petit

We prove that if two additive functions (from a certain class) take large values with roughly the same probability then they must be identical. The Kac-Kubilius model suggests that the distribution of values of a given additive function can…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-09-02 Maksym Radziwill

In this paper we prove two results. The first theorem uses a paper of Kim \cite{K} to show that for fixed primes $p_1,...,p_k$, and for fixed integers $m_1,...,m_k$, with $p_i\not|m_i$, the numbers $(e_{p_1}(n),...,e_{p_k}(n))$ are…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Florian Luca , Pantelimon Stanica

A function from $\Bbb F_{2^n}$ to $\Bbb F_{2^n}$ is said to be {\em $k$th order sum-free} if the sum of its values over each $k$-dimensional $\Bbb F_2$-affine subspace of $\Bbb F_{2^n}$ is nonzero. This notion was recently introduced by C.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-17 Alyssa Ebeling , Xiang-dong Hou , Ashley Rydell , Shujun Zhao

In this article we consider the completely multiplicative sequences $(a_n)_{n \in \mathbf{N}}$ defined on a field $\mathbf{K}$ and satisfying $$\sum_{p| p \leq n, a_p \neq 1, p \in \mathbf{P}}\frac{1}{p}<\infty,$$ where $\mathbf{P}$ is the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-08-16 Shuo Li

Let phi be a Dubins-Freedman random homeomorphism on [0,1] derived from the base measure uniform on the vertical line x=1/2, and let f be a periodic function satisfying that |f(x)-f(0)| = o(1/log log log 1/x). Then the Fourier expansion of…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Gady Kozma
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