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Related papers: Using Formal Models, Safety Shields and Certified …

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This paper describes our work on demonstrating verification technologies on a flight-critical system of realistic functionality, size, and complexity. Our work targeted a commercial aircraft control system named Transport Class Model (TCM),…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-02-10 Guillaume Brat , David Bushnell , Misty Davies , Dimitra Giannakopoulou , Falk Howar , Temesghen Kahsai

Widespread adoption of autonomous cars will require greater confidence in their safety than is currently possible. Certified control is a new safety architecture whose goal is two-fold: to achieve a very high level of safety, and to provide…

As hardware systems grow in complexity, security verification must keep up with them. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs) have started to play an important role in automating several stages of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Khan Thamid Hasan , Md Ajoad Hasan , Nashmin Alam , Md. Touhidul Islam , Upoma Das , Farimah Farahmandi

Challenges related to automated driving are no longer focused on just the construction of such automated vehicles (AVs), but in assuring the safety of their operation. Recent advances in Level 3 and Level 4 autonomous driving have motivated…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-09 Tong Zhao , Ekim Yurtsever , Joel Paulson , Giorgio Rizzoni

This article presents a verification and validation activity performed in an industrial context, to validate configuration data of a metro CBTC system by creating a formal B model of these configuration data and of their properties. A…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2012-10-29 Frédéric Badeau , Marielle Doche-Petit

This survey presents an overview of verification techniques for autonomous systems, with a focus on safety-critical autonomous cyber-physical systems (CPS) and subcomponents thereof. Autonomy in CPS is enabling by recent advances in…

Software testing plays a critical role in ensuring that systems behave as intended. However, existing automated testing approaches struggle to match the capabilities of human engineers due to key limitations such as test locality, lack of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Kangping Xu , Yifan Luo , Yang Yuan , Andrew Chi-Chih Yao

A fail-operational system for highly automated driving must complete the driving task even in the presence of a failure. This requires redundant architectures and a mechanism to reconfigure the system in case of a failure. Therefore, an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Tobias Schmid , Stefanie Schraufstetter , Jonas Fritzsch , Dominik Hellhake , Greta Koelln , Stefan Wagner

Model-based reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising tool for developing controllers for real world systems (e.g., robotics, autonomous driving, etc.). However, real systems often have constraints imposed on their state space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Akshita Gupta , Inseok Hwang

The development and application of formal methods is a long standing research topic within the field of computer science. One particular challenge that remains is the uptake of formal methods into industrial practices. This paper introduces…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-03-25 Phillip James , Markus Roggenbach

Model checking and automated theorem proving are two pillars of formal methods. This paper investigates model checking from an automated theorem proving perspective, aiming at combining the expressiveness of automated theorem proving and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Ying Jiang , Jian Liu , Gilles Dowek , Kailiang Ji

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is a powerful machine learning paradigm for generating agents that control autonomous systems. However, the ``black box'' nature of DRL agents limits their deployment in real-world safety-critical…

The kind of closed-loop verification likely to be required for autonomous vehicle (AV) safety testing is beyond the reach of traditional test methodologies and discrete verification. Validation puts the autonomous vehicle system to the test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Hyun Jae Cho , Madhur Behl

Verification of complex, safety-critical systems is a significant challenge. Manual testing and simulations are often used, but are only capable of exploring a subset of the system's reachable states. Formal methods are mathematically-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Matt Luckcuck , Marie Farrell , Oisín Sheridan , Rosemary Monahan

In model-based reinforcement learning for safety-critical control systems, it is important to formally certify system properties (e.g., safety, stability) under the learned controller. However, as existing methods typically apply formal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Yixuan Wang , Simon Zhan , Zhilu Wang , Chao Huang , Zhaoran Wang , Zhuoran Yang , Qi Zhu

Automated Vehicles (AVs) are rapidly maturing in the transportation domain. However, the complexity of the AV design problem is such that no single technique is sufficient to provide adequate validation of key properties such as safety,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Maike Schwammberger , Christopher Harper , Gleifer Vaz Alves , Greg Chance , Tony Pipe , Kerstin Eder

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) play a critical role in the industrial control systems. Vulnerabilities in PLC programs might lead to attacks causing devastating consequences to the critical infrastructure, as shown in Stuxnet and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Ruimin Sun , Alejandro Mera , Long Lu , David Choffnes

Reasoning about safety, security, and other dependability attributes of autonomous systems is a challenge that needs to be addressed before the adoption of such systems in day-to-day life. Formal methods is a class of methods that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Ashfaq Farooqui , Behrooz Sangchoolie

The focus of this paper is on reducing the complexity in verification by exploiting modularity at various levels: in specification, in verification, and structurally. For specifications, we use the modular language CSP-OZ-DC, which allows…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-05-20 Johannes Faber , Carsten Ihlemann , Swen Jacobs , Viorica Sofronie-Stokkermans

Even if the verification of authentication protocols can be achieved by means of formal analysis, the modelling of such an activity is an error-prone task due to the lack of automated and integrated processes. This paper proposes a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Mariapia Raimondo , Stefano Marrone , Angelo Palladino