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Many causal parameters depend on a moment of the joint distribution of potential outcomes. Such parameters are especially relevant in policy evaluation settings, where noncompliance is common and accommodated through the model of Imbens &…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-11-17 Daniel Ober-Reynolds

We provide novel bounds on average treatment effects (on the treated) that are valid under an unconfoundedness assumption. Our bounds are designed to be robust in challenging situations, for example, when the conditioning variables take on…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-12 Sokbae Lee , Martin Weidner

Stochastic processes offer a flexible mathematical formalism to model and reason about systems. Most analysis tools, however, start from the premises that models are fully specified, so that any parameters controlling the system's dynamics…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Luca Bortolussi , Guido Sanguinetti

Causal inference has received great attention across different fields from economics, statistics, education, medicine, to machine learning. Within this area, inferring causal effects at individual level in observational studies has become…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-02-16 Thai Pham

This paper concerns discrete-time infinite-horizon stochastic control systems with Borel state and action spaces and universally measurable policies. We study optimization problems on strategic measures induced by the policies in these…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-22 Huizhen Yu

We study the efficient off-policy evaluation of natural stochastic policies, which are defined in terms of deviations from the behavior policy. This is a departure from the literature on off-policy evaluation where most work consider the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Nathan Kallus , Masatoshi Uehara

We develop a data-driven information-theoretic framework for sharp partial identification of causal effects under unmeasured confounding. Existing approaches often rely on restrictive assumptions, such as bounded or discrete outcomes;…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-24 Yonghan Jung , Bogyeong Kang

We investigate the bounding problem of causal effects in experimental studies in which the outcome is truncated by death, meaning that the subject dies before the outcome can be measured. Causal effects cannot be point identified without…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-29 Aixian Chen , Xia Cui , Guangren Yang

We propose a new method to estimate causal effects from nonexperimental data. Each pair of sample units is first associated with a stochastic 'treatment' - differences in factors between units - and an effect - a resultant outcome…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-08 Andre F. Ribeiro , Frank Neffke , Ricardo Hausmann

In the absence of randomized controlled and natural experiments, it is necessary to balance the distributions of (observable) covariates of the treated and control groups in order to obtain an unbiased estimate of a causal effect of…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-02 Martin Cousineau , Vedat Verter , Susan A. Murphy , Joelle Pineau

The theory of optimal transportation has developed into a powerful and elegant framework for comparing probability distributions, with wide-ranging applications in all areas of science. The fundamental idea of analyzing probabilities by…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-14 Florian F Gunsilius

We study the effect of stochasticity in on-policy policy optimization, and make the following four contributions. First, we show that the preferability of optimization methods depends critically on whether stochastic versus exact gradients…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Jincheng Mei , Bo Dai , Chenjun Xiao , Csaba Szepesvari , Dale Schuurmans

Modified treatment policies are a widely applicable class of interventions useful for studying the causal effects of continuous exposures. Approaches to evaluating their causal effects assume no interference, meaning that such effects…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-12 Salvador V. Balkus , Scott W. Delaney , Nima S. Hejazi

Randomized experiments are a powerful methodology for data-driven evaluation of decisions or interventions. Yet, their validity may be undermined by network interference. This occurs when the treatment of one unit impacts not only its…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-08 Sadegh Shirani , Mohsen Bayati

We extend stochastic network optimization theory to treat networks with arbitrary sample paths for arrivals, channels, and mobility. The network can experience unexpected link or node failures, traffic bursts, and topology changes, and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2010-01-07 Michael J. Neely

Predictive risk scores estimating probabilities for a binary outcome on the basis of observed covariates are common across the sciences. They are frequently developed with the intent of avoiding the outcome in question by intervening in…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-26 James Liley

We study statistical inference and distributionally robust solution methods for stochastic optimization problems, focusing on confidence intervals for optimal values and solutions that achieve exact coverage asymptotically. We develop a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-07-03 John Duchi , Peter Glynn , Hongseok Namkoong

Existing work in multi-agent collision prediction and avoidance typically assumes discrete-time trajectories with Gaussian uncertainty or that are completely deterministic. We propose an approach that allows detection of collisions even…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-05-13 Jan-Peter Calliess , Michael Osborne , Stephen Roberts

With the rise of stochastic generative models in robot policy learning, end-to-end visuomotor policies are increasingly successful at solving complex tasks by learning from human demonstrations. Nevertheless, since real-world evaluation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Joseph A. Vincent , Haruki Nishimura , Masha Itkina , Paarth Shah , Mac Schwager , Thomas Kollar

This paper studies a {\it reversible} investment problem where a social planner aims to control its capacity production in order to fit optimally the random demand of a good. Our model allows for general diffusion dynamics on the demand as…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-07-08 Salvatore Federico , Huyen Pham