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Establishing stable mappings between natural language expressions and visual percepts is a foundational problem for both cognitive science and artificial intelligence. Humans routinely ground linguistic reference in noisy, ambiguous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Joseph Bingham

Vision-as-inverse-graphics, the concept of reconstructing images into editable programs, remains challenging for Vision-Language Models (VLMs), which inherently lack fine-grained spatial grounding in one-shot settings. To address this, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Shaofeng Yin , Jiaxin Ge , Zora Zhiruo Wang , Chenyang Wang , Xiuyu Li , Michael J. Black , Trevor Darrell , Angjoo Kanazawa , Haiwen Feng

Nonverbal communication is integral to human interaction, with gestures, facial expressions, and body language conveying critical aspects of intent and emotion. However, existing large language models (LLMs) fail to effectively incorporate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Youngmin Kim , Jiwan Chung , Jisoo Kim , Sunghyun Lee , Sangkyu Lee , Junhyeok Kim , Cheoljong Yang , Youngjae Yu

The dual thinking framework considers fast, intuitive, and slower logical processing. The perception of dual thinking in vision requires images where inferences from intuitive and logical processing differ, and the latter is under-explored…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Kailas Dayanandan , Nikhil Kumar , Anand Sinha , Brejesh Lall

Visual understanding goes well beyond object recognition. With one glance at an image, we can effortlessly imagine the world beyond the pixels: for instance, we can infer people's actions, goals, and mental states. While this task is easy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-27 Rowan Zellers , Yonatan Bisk , Ali Farhadi , Yejin Choi

When thinking with images, humans rarely rely on a single glance: they revisit visual evidence while reasoning. In contrast, most Multimodal Language Models encode an image once to key-value cache and then reason purely in text, making it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Jiwan Chung , Junhyeok Kim , Siyeol Kim , Jaeyoung Lee , Min Soo Kim , Youngjae Yu

One of the major challenges of machine translation (MT) is ambiguity, which can in some cases be resolved by accompanying context such as images. However, recent work in multimodal MT (MMT) has shown that obtaining improvements from images…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Matthieu Futeral , Cordelia Schmid , Ivan Laptev , Benoît Sagot , Rachel Bawden

Effective communication between humans and intelligent agents has promising applications for solving complex problems. One such approach is visual dialogue, which leverages multimodal context to assist humans. However, real-world scenarios…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Ryosuke Oshima , Seitaro Shinagawa , Hideki Tsunashima , Qi Feng , Shigeo Morishima

With the breakthrough of multi-modal large language models, answering complex visual questions that demand advanced reasoning abilities and world knowledge has become a much more important testbed for developing AI models than ever.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Haibo Wang , Weifeng Ge

Natural language often contains ambiguities that can lead to misinterpretation and miscommunication. While humans can handle ambiguities effectively by asking clarifying questions and/or relying on contextual cues and common-sense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Ninareh Mehrabi , Palash Goyal , Apurv Verma , Jwala Dhamala , Varun Kumar , Qian Hu , Kai-Wei Chang , Richard Zemel , Aram Galstyan , Rahul Gupta

Current multimodal benchmarks often conflate reasoning with domain-specific knowledge, making it difficult to isolate and evaluate general reasoning abilities in non-expert settings. To address this, we introduce VisualPuzzles, a benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Yueqi Song , Tianyue Ou , Yibo Kong , Zecheng Li , Graham Neubig , Xiang Yue

Recognising emotions in context involves identifying an individual's apparent emotions while considering contextual cues from the surrounding scene. Previous approaches to this task have typically designed explicit scene-encoding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Alexandros Xenos , Niki Maria Foteinopoulou , Ioanna Ntinou , Ioannis Patras , Georgios Tzimiropoulos

Multi-view visual reasoning is essential for intelligent systems that must understand complex environments from sparse and discrete viewpoints, yet existing research has largely focused on single-image or temporally dense video settings. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Fucai Ke , Zhixi Cai , Boying Li , Long Chen , Beibei Lin , Weiqing Wang , Pari Delir Haghighi , Gholamreza Haffari , Hamid Rezatofighi

Combining multiple perceptual inputs and performing combinatorial reasoning in complex scenarios is a sophisticated cognitive function in humans. With advancements in multi-modal large language models, recent benchmarks tend to evaluate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Chao Wang , Luning Zhang , Zheng Wang , Yang Zhou

Visual commonsense reasoning task aims at leading the research field into solving cognition-level reasoning with the ability of predicting correct answers and meanwhile providing convincing reasoning paths, resulting in three sub-tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-28 Weijiang Yu , Jingwen Zhou , Weihao Yu , Xiaodan Liang , Nong Xiao

Visual reasoning is central to human cognition, enabling individuals to interpret and abstractly understand their environment. Although recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Jing Bi , Junjia Guo , Susan Liang , Guangyu Sun , Luchuan Song , Yunlong Tang , Jinxi He , Jiarui Wu , Ali Vosoughi , Chen Chen , Chenliang Xu

We present VQA-MHUG - a novel 49-participant dataset of multimodal human gaze on both images and questions during visual question answering (VQA) collected using a high-speed eye tracker. We use our dataset to analyze the similarity between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Ekta Sood , Fabian Kögel , Florian Strohm , Prajit Dhar , Andreas Bulling

Emojis come with prepacked semantics making them great candidates to create new forms of more accessible communications. Yet, little is known about how much of this emojis semantic is agreed upon by humans, outside of textual contexts.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Justyna Czestochowska , Kristina Gligoric , Maxime Peyrard , Yann Mentha , Michal Bien , Andrea Grutter , Anita Auer , Aris Xanthos , Robert West

Deep neural networks have shown striking progress and obtained state-of-the-art results in many AI research fields in the recent years. However, it is often unsatisfying to not know why they predict what they do. In this paper, we address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-09-12 Yash Goyal , Akrit Mohapatra , Devi Parikh , Dhruv Batra

We introduce VIGiA, a novel multimodal dialogue model designed to understand and reason over complex, multi-step instructional video action plans. Unlike prior work which focuses mainly on text-only guidance, or treats vision and language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Diogo Glória-Silva , David Semedo , João Maglhães