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We present the first systematic investigation of graph reordering effects for graph-based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) on a GPU. While graph-based ANNS has become the dominant paradigm for modern AI applications, recent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Yutaro Oguri , Mai Nishimura , Yusuke Matsui

We study the problem of approximate near neighbor (ANN) search and show the following results: - An improved framework for solving the ANN problem using locality-sensitive hashing, reducing the number of evaluations of locality-sensitive…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Tobias Christiani

Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) search is a fundamental technique for (e.g.,) the deployment of recommender systems. Recent studies bring proximity graph-based methods into practitioners' attention -- proximity graph-based methods…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Zhaozhuo Xu , Weijie Zhao , Shulong Tan , Zhixin Zhou , Ping Li

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a core primitive in modern AI systems, and graph-based methods currently offer the best accuracy-efficiency trade-off at scale. The workload is fundamentally memory-bound: graph traversal…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Sitian Chen , Yusen Li , Yao Chen , Minwen Deng , Jintao Meng , Amelie Chi Zhou

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search is a widely applied technique in modern intelligent applications, such as recommendation systems and vector databases. Therefore, efficient and high-throughput execution of ANN search has become…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Zihan Liu , Wentao Ni , Jingwen Leng , Yu Feng , Cong Guo , Quan Chen , Chao Li , Minyi Guo , Yuhao Zhu

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) in high-dimensional spaces is a pivotal challenge in the field of machine learning. In recent years, graph-based methods have emerged as the superior approach to ANNS, establishing a new state of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Kejing Lu , Chuan Xiao , Yoshiharu Ishikawa

Model-based methods for recommender systems have been studied extensively for years. Modern recommender systems usually resort to 1) representation learning models which define user-item preference as the distance between their embedding…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Rihan Chen , Bin Liu , Han Zhu , Yaoxuan Wang , Qi Li , Buting Ma , Qingbo Hua , Jun Jiang , Yunlong Xu , Hongbo Deng , Bo Zheng

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) plays an indispensable role in a wide variety of applications, including recommendation systems, information retrieval, and semantic search. Among the cutting-edge ANNS algorithms, graph-based…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Weihong Xu , Junwei Chen , Po-Kai Hsu , Jaeyoung Kang , Minxuan Zhou , Sumukh Pinge , Shimeng Yu , Tajana Rosing

We present a theoretical and empirical analysis of the adaptive entry point selection for graph-based approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS). We introduce novel concepts: $b\textit{-monotonic path}$ and $B\textit{-MSNET}$, which better…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Yutaro Oguri , Yusuke Matsui

Approximate Nearest Neighbour Search (ANNS) is a subroutine in algorithms routinely employed in information retrieval, pattern recognition, data mining, image processing, and beyond. Recent works have established that graph-based ANNS…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Karthik V. , Saim Khan , Somesh Singh , Harsha Vardhan Simhadri , Jyothi Vedurada

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is the task of finding the database vector that is closest to a given query vector. Graph-based ANNS is the family of methods with the best balance of accuracy and speed for million-scale datasets.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Naoki Ono , Yusuke Matsui

Proximity graph-based methods have emerged as a leading paradigm for approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search in the system community. This paper presents fresh insights into the theoretical foundation of these methods. We describe an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Shangqi Lu , Yufei Tao

The approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search problem is fundamental to efficiently serving many real-world machine learning applications. A number of techniques have been developed for ANN search that are efficient, accurate, and scalable.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Philip Sun , Ruiqi Guo , Sanjiv Kumar

Nearest neighbor search plays a fundamental role in many disciplines such as multimedia information retrieval, data-mining, and machine learning. The graph-based search approaches show superior performance over other types of approaches in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Hui Wang , Yong Wang , Wan-Lei Zhao

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is a fundamental problem in vector databases and AI infrastructures. Recent graph-based ANNS algorithms have achieved high search accuracy with practical efficiency. Despite the advancements, these…

Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) search retrieves the closest vectors for a query vector from a dataset. It enforces that a specified set of discrete labels $S$ for the query must be included in the labels of each retrieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Ananya Sutradhar , Suryansh Gupta , Ravishankar Krishnaswamy , Haiyang Xu , Aseem Rastogi , Gopal Srinivasa

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS), as the core of vector databases (VectorDBs), has become widely used in modern AI and ML systems, powering applications from information retrieval to bio-informatics. While graph-based ANNS methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Dingyi Kang , Dongming Jiang , Hanshen Yang , Hang Liu , Bingzhe Li

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) in high-dimensional vector spaces has a wide range of real-world applications. Numerous methods have been proposed to handle ANNS efficiently, while graph-based indexes have gained prominence due…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Zhonggen Li , Xiangyu Ke , Yifan Zhu , Bocheng Yu , Baihua Zheng , Yunjun Gao

Nearest neighbor search is central in machine learning, information retrieval, and databases. For high-dimensional datasets, graph-based methods such as HNSW, DiskANN, and NSG have become popular thanks to their empirical accuracy and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Yousef Al-Jazzazi , Haya Diwan , Jinrui Gou , Cameron Musco , Christopher Musco , Torsten Suel

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is essential for applications like recommendation systems and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) but is highly I/O-intensive and memory-demanding. CPUs face I/O bottlenecks, while GPUs are…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Mingkai Chen , Tianhua Han , Cheng Liu , Shengwen Liang , Kuai Yu , Lei Dai , Ziming Yuan , Ying Wang , Lei Zhang , Huawei Li , Xiaowei Li