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The successful launch and operation of NASA's Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Explorer open a new era for the multi-wavelength study of the very early afterglow phase of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). GRB early afterglow information is essential to explore…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Bing Zhang

In recent years, afterglow emission in the very-high-energy (VHE) band above 100 GeV has been clearly detected for at least five gamma-ray bursts (GRBs 180720B, 190114C, 190829A, 201216C and 221009A). For some of these VHE GRBs, we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-27 Yuri Sato , Kohta Murase , Yutaka Ohira , Susumu Inoue , Ryo Yamazaki

We study prompt optical emission from reverse shocks in the wind-type gamma-ray bursts. The emission is evaluated in both the thick and thin shell regimes. We discuss the angular time delay effect and the post-shock evolution of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Shiho Kobayashi , Bing Zhang

Binary neutron star mergers are considered to be the most favorable sources that produce electromagnetic (EM) signals associated with gravitational waves (GWs). These mergers are the likely progenitors of short duration gamma-ray bursts…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-10-26 Adithan Kathirgamaraju , Rodolfo Barniol Duran , Dimitrios Giannios

We present multi-wavelength observations and modeling of Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) that exhibit a simultaneous re-brightening in their X-ray and optical light curves, and are also detected at radio wavelengths. We show that the re-brightening…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-11-18 Tanmoy Laskar , Edo Berger , Raffaella Margutti , Daniel Perley , B. Ashley Zauderer , Re'em Sari , Wen-fai Fong

We present a detailed multi-wavelength afterglow study of the short GRB 250704B, extensively monitored in optical and near-infrared bands. Its afterglow displays an unusually long-duration plateau followed by an achromatic break and a steep…

Recent detections of very high energy (VHE; GeV-TeV) photons from gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows, most notably the extreme event GRB 221009A, require refined models that include realistic jet structures and complex circumburst…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-05 T. Mondal , S. Chakraborty , L. Resmi , D. Bose

GRB afterglow jets have been notoriously difficult to resolve numerically using 2D hydrodynamical simulations due to high outflow Lorentz factors. By performing simulations in a boosted frame, it is possible to calculate light curves from…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-11 Hendrik van Eerten , Andrew MacFadyen

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are luminous stellar explosions characterized by the ejection of relativistic jets. This work proposes a novel paradigm to study these GRB jets. By analyzing the timing information of prompt pulses and X-ray flares,…

Gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows are well described by synchrotron emission originating from the interaction between a relativistic blast wave and the external medium surrounding the GRB progenitor. We introduce a code to reconstruct…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2009-06-25 H. J. van Eerten , R. A. M. J. Wijers

Long $\rm \gamma$-ray bursts (GRBs) are produced by the dissipation of ultra-relativistic jets launched by newly-born black holes after the collapse of massive stars. Right after the luminous and highly variable $\gamma$-ray emission, the…

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most luminous astrophysical transients, known to be associated with core collapse of massive stars or mergers of two compact objects such as two neutron stars. They are followed by multi-wavelength afterglow…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-01 Yihan Wang , Connery Chen , Bing Zhang

The peculiar short gamma-ray burst GRB 170817A has been firmly associated to the gravitational wave event GW170817, which has been unaninmously interpreted as due to the coalescence of a double neutron star binary. The unprecedented…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-07-31 O. S. Salafia , G. Ghirlanda , S. Ascenzi , G. Ghisellini

Electromagnetic observations of the first binary Neutron Star (BNS) merger GW170817 has established that relativistic jets can be successfully launched in BNS mergers. Typically, such jets produce emission in two phases: $\gamma$-ray prompt…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-04-27 S Mohan , M Saleem , L Resmi

Afterglows of gamma-ray bursts often show flares, plateaus, and sudden intensity drops: these temporal features are difficult to explain as coming from the forward shock. We calculate radiative properties of early GRB afterglows with the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-02-17 Yonggang Luo , Maxim Lyutikov

We present multiwavelength modeling of the afterglow from the long gamma-ray burst GRB 160625B using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques of the afterglowpy Python package. GRB 160625B is an extremely bright burst with a rich set of…

The standard external shock model in the thin-shell scenario predicts an onset bump in the early optical afterglow light curves of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We collect such a textbook-version light curve sample of $30$ GRBs, and derive the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-08-14 Lu-Lu Zhang , Shu-Qing Zhong , Li-Ping Xin , En-Wei Liang

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are intense bursts of high-energy photons (prompt emissions) caused by relativistic jets. After the emissions, multi-wavelength afterglows, from radio to very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray, last for more than a few…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-01-10 Yuri Sato , Kaori Obayashi , B. Theodre Zhang , Shuta J. Tanaka , Kohta Murase , Yutaka Ohira , Ryo Yamazaki

Recent observations suggest that long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and their afterglows are produced by highly relativistic jets emitted in core-collapse explosions. The pre-explosive ambient medium provides a natural test for the most…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz , Lynnette M. Dray , Piero Madau , Christopher A. Tout

We compute the afterglow of gamma-ray bursts produced by purely electromagnetic outflows to see if it shows characteristic signatures differing from those obtained with the standard internal/external shock model. Using a simple approach for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 F. Genet , F. Daigne , R. Mochkovitch