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Although large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various domains, their considerable scale necessitates substantial computational resources, posing significant challenges for deployment in resource-constrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Yao Lu , Hao Cheng , Yujie Fang , Zeyu Wang , Jiaheng Wei , Dongwei Xu , Qi Xuan , Xiaoniu Yang , Zhaowei Zhu

Mixed Precision Quantization (MPQ) has become an essential technique for optimizing neural network by determining the optimal bitwidth per layer. Existing MPQ methods, however, face a major hurdle: they require a computationally expensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Lianbo Ma , Jianlun Ma , Yuee Zhou , Guoyang Xie , Qiang He , Zhichao Lu

This study aims to innovatively explore adaptive applications of large language models (LLM) in urban renewal. It also aims to improve its performance and text generation quality for knowledge question-answering (QA) tasks. Based on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Xi Wang , Xianyao Ling , Tom Zhang , Xuecao Li , Shaolan Wang , Zhixing Li , Liang Zhang , Peng Gong

The machine learning community has witnessed impressive advancements since large language models (LLMs) first appeared. Yet, their massive memory consumption has become a significant roadblock to large-scale training. For instance, a 7B…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Rui Pan , Xiang Liu , Shizhe Diao , Renjie Pi , Jipeng Zhang , Chi Han , Tong Zhang

Advancements in Natural Language Processing are heavily reliant on the Transformer architecture, whose improvements come at substantial resource costs due to ever-growing model sizes. This study explores optimization techniques, including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Tom Wallace , Naser Ezzati-Jivan , Beatrice Ombuki-Berman

Large Language Models (LLMs) typically rely on a large number of parameters for token embedding, leading to substantial storage requirements and memory footprints. In particular, LLMs deployed on edge devices are memory-bound, and reducing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Dayin Gou , Sanghyun Byun , Nilesh Malpeddi , Gabrielle De Micheli , Prathamesh Vaste , Jacob Song , Woo Seong Chung

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown immense potential in enhancing various aspects of our daily lives, from conversational AI to search and AI assistants. However, their growing capabilities come at the cost of extremely large model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Yingyu Liang , Jiangxuan Long , Zhenmei Shi , Zhao Song , Yufa Zhou

Quantization is a key method for reducing the GPU memory requirement of training large language models (LLMs). Yet, current approaches are ineffective for 4-bit activations and 8-bit gradients, which would easily cause slow convergence or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wenxiang Lin , Juntao Huang , Luhan Zhang , Laili Li , Xiang Bao , Mengyang Zhang , Bing Wang , Shaohuai Shi

With the commercialization of large language models (LLMs), weight-activation quantization has emerged to compress and accelerate LLMs, achieving high throughput while reducing inference costs. However, existing post-training quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Jung Hyun Lee , Jeonghoon Kim , June Yong Yang , Se Jung Kwon , Eunho Yang , Kang Min Yoo , Dongsoo Lee

Quantization has become one of the most effective methodologies to compress LLMs into smaller size. However, the existing quantization solutions still show limitations of either non-negligible accuracy drop or low system efficiency. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zhen Zheng , Xiaonan Song , Chuanjie Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized Natural Language Processing (NLP) but demand massive GPU resources for training. Lowering the threshold for LLMs training would encourage greater participation from researchers, benefiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Kai Lv , Yuqing Yang , Tengxiao Liu , Qinghui Gao , Qipeng Guo , Xipeng Qiu

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on resource-constrained edge devices like the Raspberry Pi presents challenges in computational efficiency, power consumption, and response latency. This paper explores quantization-based optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Mahsa Ardakani , Jinendra Malekar , Ramtin Zand

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) is often constrained by the computational costs of processing massive datasets. We propose \textbf{QLESS} (Quantized Low-rank Gradient Similarity Search), which integrates gradient quantization with…

With the proliferation of large pre-trained language models (PLMs), fine-tuning all model parameters becomes increasingly inefficient, particularly when dealing with numerous downstream tasks that entail substantial training and storage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Nadav Benedek , Lior Wolf

In the traditional deep compression framework, iteratively performing network pruning and quantization can reduce the model size and computation cost to meet the deployment requirements. However, such a step-wise application of pruning and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Wenting Tang , Xingxing Wei , Bo Li

The rapid progress of large language models (LLMs) has transformed natural language processing, yet the challenge of efficient adaptation remains unresolved. Full fine-tuning achieves strong performance but imposes prohibitive computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Emily Jimin Roh , Hyojun Ahn , Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Soohyun Park , Joongheon Kim

We present LLMQ, an end-to-end CUDA/C++ implementation for medium-sized language-model training, e.g. 3B to 32B parameters, on affordable, commodity GPUs. These devices are characterized by low memory availability and slow communication…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Erik Schultheis , Dan Alistarh

The rapid progress of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought substantial computational and memory demands, spurring the adoption of low-bit quantization. While 8-bit and 4-bit formats have become prevalent, extending quantization to 2…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Jiayi Chen , Jieqi Shi , Jing Huo , Chen Wu

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) aims to adapt pre-trained models to specific tasks using relatively small and domain-specific datasets. Among Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) stands out by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yarui Cao , Kai Liu

We present APQ for efficient deep learning inference on resource-constrained hardware. Unlike previous methods that separately search the neural architecture, pruning policy, and quantization policy, we optimize them in a joint manner. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Tianzhe Wang , Kuan Wang , Han Cai , Ji Lin , Zhijian Liu , Song Han