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Zero-shot visual question answering (VQA) is a challenging task that requires reasoning across modalities. While some existing methods rely on a single rationale within the Chain of Thoughts (CoT) framework, they may fall short of capturing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Tao Li , Linjun Shou , Xuejun Liu

Combining multiple perceptual inputs and performing combinatorial reasoning in complex scenarios is a sophisticated cognitive function in humans. With advancements in multi-modal large language models, recent benchmarks tend to evaluate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Chao Wang , Luning Zhang , Zheng Wang , Yang Zhou

While vision-language models (VLMs) have exhibited multi-turn visual reasoning capabilities, their reasoning trajectories remain relatively shallow and are dominated by a text-centric paradigm, limiting their applicability to complex visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zhiwei Ning , Wenwen Tong , Xiangli Kong , Shengnan Ma , Ziyi Shang , Jingcheng Ni , Tao Hu , Yong Xien Chng , Jixuan Ying , Zehuan Wu , Hanming Deng , Jie Yang , Yuanjie Zheng , Wei Liu , Lewei Lu

While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at reasoning on text and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are highly effective for visual perception, applying those models for visual instruction-based planning remains a widely open problem. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Mohamed Salim Aissi , Clemence Grislain , Mohamed Chetouani , Olivier Sigaud , Laure Soulier , Nicolas Thome

Explanation and high-order reasoning capabilities are crucial for real-world visual question answering with diverse levels of inference complexity (e.g., what is the dog that is near the girl playing with?) and important for users to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Qingxing Cao , Bailin Li , Xiaodan Liang , Liang Lin

The rapid advancement of Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) has demonstrated excellent abilities in various visual tasks. Building upon these developments, the thinking with images paradigm has emerged, enabling models to dynamically edit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yujin Zhou , Pengcheng Wen , Jiale Chen , Boqin Yin , Han Zhu , Jiaming Ji , Juntao Dai , Chi-Min Chan , Sirui Han

We present IBR, an Iterative Backward Reasoning model to solve the proof generation tasks on rule-based Question Answering (QA), where models are required to reason over a series of textual rules and facts to find out the related proof path…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Hanhao Qu , Yu Cao , Jun Gao , Liang Ding , Ruifeng Xu

Multi-Hop Question Answering (MHQA) tasks permeate real-world applications, posing challenges in orchestrating multi-step reasoning across diverse knowledge domains. While existing approaches have been improved with iterative retrieval,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Rong Cheng , Jinyi Liu , Yan Zheng , Fei Ni , Jiazhen Du , Hangyu Mao , Fuzheng Zhang , Bo Wang , Jianye Hao

Reasoning lies at the heart of intelligence, shaping the ability to make decisions, draw conclusions, and generalize across domains. In artificial intelligence, as systems increasingly operate in open, uncertain, and multimodal…

What does it take to design a machine that learns to answer natural questions about a video? A Video QA system must simultaneously understand language, represent visual content over space-time, and iteratively transform these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Thao Minh Le , Vuong Le , Svetha Venkatesh , Truyen Tran

How should future neural reasoning systems implement extended computation? Recursive Reasoning Models (RRMs) offer a promising alternative to autoregressive sequence extension by performing iterative latent-state refinement with shared…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Junyeob Baek , Mingyu Jo , Minsu Kim , Mengye Ren , Yoshua Bengio , Sungjin Ahn

Despite rapid advancements, current text-to-image (T2I) models predominantly rely on a single-step generation paradigm, which struggles with complex semantics and faces diminishing returns from parameter scaling. While recent multi-step…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Hanbo Cheng , Limin Lin , Ruo Zhang , Yicheng Pan , Jun Du

Learning to perform abstract reasoning often requires decomposing the task in question into intermediate subgoals that are not specified upfront, but need to be autonomously devised by the learner. In Raven Progressive Matrices (RPM), the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Jakub Kwiatkowski , Krzysztof Krawiec

Robot sequential decision-making in the real world is a challenge because it requires the robots to simultaneously reason about the current world state and dynamics, while planning actions to accomplish complex tasks. On the one hand,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Shiqi Zhang , Piyush Khandelwal , Peter Stone

There emerges a promising trend of using large language models (LLMs) to generate code-like plans for complex inference tasks such as visual reasoning. This paradigm, known as LLM-based planning, provides flexibility in problem solving and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Pengbo Hu , Ji Qi , Xingyu Li , Hong Li , Xinqi Wang , Bing Quan , Ruiyu Wang , Yi Zhou

Humans excel at spatial reasoning tasks like Tangram puzzle assembly through cognitive processes involving mental rotation, iterative refinement, and visual feedback. Inspired by how humans solve Tangram puzzles through trial-and-error,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Yikun Zong , Cheston Tan

Given a question-image input, the Visual Commonsense Reasoning (VCR) model can predict an answer with the corresponding rationale, which requires inference ability from the real world. The VCR task, which calls for exploiting the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Xuejiao Tang , Wenbin Zhang

Visual Commonsense Reasoning (VCR) remains a significant yet challenging research problem in the realm of visual reasoning. A VCR model generally aims at answering a textual question regarding an image, followed by the rationale prediction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Zhenyang Li , Yangyang Guo , Kejie Wang , Fan Liu , Liqiang Nie , Mohan Kankanhalli

While language reasoning models excel in many tasks, visual reasoning remains challenging for current large multimodal models (LMMs). As a result, most LMMs default to verbalizing perceptual content into text, a strong limitation for tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 André G. Viveiros , Nuno Gonçalves , Matthias Lindemann , André Martins

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) achieve strong performance on complex tasks through extended chains of thought but suffer from high inference latency due to autoregressive reasoning. Recent work explores using Small Reasoning Models (SRMs) to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Yi Zhao , Yajuan Peng , Cam-Tu Nguyen , Zuchao Li , Xiaoliang Wang , Xiaoming Fu , Hai Zhao