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Large language models (LLMs) face significant challenges in processing long contexts due to the linear growth of the key-value (KV) cache and quadratic complexity of self-attention. Existing approaches address these bottlenecks separately:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Zeng You , Yaofo Chen , Qiuwu Chen , Ying Sun , Shuhai Zhang , Yingjian Li , Yaowei Wang , Mingkui Tan

In recent years, the talking head generation has become a focal point for researchers. Considerable effort is being made to refine lip-sync motion, capture expressive facial expressions, generate natural head poses, and achieve high-quality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Farzaneh Jafari , Stefano Berretti , Anup Basu

U-shaped architectures have long dominated the field of medical image segmentation, while Transformers are widely employed for modeling long-range dependencies. The former typically handles scale variations implicitly by aggregating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yanhua Zhang , Ke Zhang , Jingyu Wang , Gabriella Balestra , Samanta Rosati , Yulin Wu , Wuwei Wang , Valentina Giannini

The Attention module finds common usage in language modeling, presenting distinct challenges within the broader scope of Natural Language Processing. Multi-Head Attention (MHA) employs an absolute positional encoding, which imposes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Herman Sugiharto , Aradea , Husni Mubarok

Transformer structure has achieved great success in multiple applied machine learning communities, such as natural language processing (NLP), computer vision (CV) and information retrieval (IR). Transformer architecture's core mechanism\,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Zhichao Xu

In this study, we focus on video captioning by fully open multimodal large language models (MLLMs). The comprehension of visual sequences is challenging because of their intricate temporal dependencies and substantial sequence length. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Daichi Yashima , Shuhei Kurita , Yusuke Oda , Shuntaro Suzuki , Seitaro Otsuki , Komei Sugiura

Transformer-based methods have demonstrated excellent performance on super-resolution visual tasks, surpassing conventional convolutional neural networks. However, existing work typically restricts self-attention computation to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Shu-Chuan Chu , Zhi-Chao Dou , Jeng-Shyang Pan , Shaowei Weng , Junbao Li

State-space models (SSMs) offer efficient sequence modeling but lag behind Transformers on benchmarks that require in-context retrieval. Prior work links this gap to a small set of attention heads, termed Gather-and-Aggregate (G&A), which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Aviv Bick , Eric P. Xing , Albert Gu

Transformer architectures based on the attention mechanism have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP), driving major breakthroughs across virtually every NLP task. However, their substantial memory and computational requirements…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Riccardo Bravin , Massimo Pavan , Hazem Hesham Yousef Shalby , Fabrizio Pittorino , Manuel Roveri

Linear RNN architectures, like Mamba, can be competitive with Transformer models in language modeling while having advantageous deployment characteristics. Given the focus on training large-scale Transformer models, we consider the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Junxiong Wang , Daniele Paliotta , Avner May , Alexander M. Rush , Tri Dao

Despite the remarkable quality of LLM-based text-to-speech systems, their reliance on autoregressive Transformers leads to quadratic computational complexity, which severely limits practical applications. Linear-time alternatives, notably…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-16 Tan Dat Nguyen , Sangmin Bae , Joon Son Chung , Ji-Hoon Kim

We introduce convolutional multi-hybrid architectures, with a design grounded on two simple observations. First, operators in hybrid models can be tailored to token manipulation tasks such as in-context recall, multi-token recall, and…

With the rapid development of deep learning, low-light RAW image enhancement (LLRIE) has achieved remarkable progress. However, the challenge that how to simultaneously achieve strong enhancement quality and high efficiency still remains.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Xianmin Chen , Peiliang Huang , Longfei Han , Dingwen Zhang , Junwei Han

The attention mechanism has become a dominant operator in point cloud learning, but its quadratic complexity leads to limited inter-point interactions, hindering long-range dependency modeling between objects. Due to excellent long-range…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Kanglin Qu , Pan Gao , Qun Dai , Yuanhao Sun

Weakly supervised semantic segmentation offers a label-efficient solution to train segmentation models for volumetric medical imaging. However, existing approaches often rely on 2D encoders that neglect the inherent volumetric nature of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Yiheng Lyu , Lian Xu , Mohammed Bennamoun , Farid Boussaid , Coen Arrow , Girish Dwivedi

With the increasing volumes of Large Language Models (LLMs) and the expanding context lengths, attention computation has become a key performance bottleneck in LLM serving. For fast attention computation, recent practices often parallelize…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Di Liu , Yifei Liu , Chen Chen , Zhibin Yu , Xiaoyi Fan , Quan Chen , Minyi Guo

Reducing the key-value (KV) cache size is a crucial step toward enabling efficient inference in large language models (LLMs), especially under latency and memory constraints. While Multi-Head Attention (MHA) offers strong representational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Zhengge Cai , Haowen Hou

Multi-head latent attention (MLA) is designed to optimize KV cache memory through low-rank key-value joint compression. Rather than caching keys and values separately, MLA stores their compressed latent representations, reducing memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Guihong Li , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Mingyu Yang , Vikram Appia , Emad Barsoum

This work elaborates on a High performance computing (HPC) architecture based on Simple Linux Utility for Resource Management (SLURM) [1] for deploying heterogeneous Large Language Models (LLMs) into a scalable inference engine. Dynamic…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Anderson de Lima Luiz , Shubham Vijay Kurlekar , Munir Georges

State space models (SSMs) for language modelling promise an efficient and performant alternative to quadratic-attention Transformers, yet show variable performance on recalling basic information from the context. While performance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Aryaman Arora , Neil Rathi , Nikil Roashan Selvam , Róbert Csordás , Dan Jurafsky , Christopher Potts
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