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Recent progress in large language models enables the creation of realistic machine-generated content. Watermarking is a promising approach to distinguish machine-generated text from human text, embedding statistical signals in the output…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Patrick Chao , Yan Sun , Edgar Dobriban , Hamed Hassani

As AI-generated images become increasingly photorealistic, distinguishing them from natural images poses a growing challenge. This paper presents a robust detection framework that leverages multiple uncertainty measures to decide whether to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Rahul Yumlembam , Biju Issac , Nauman Aslam , Eaby Kollonoor Babu , Josh Collyer , Fraser Kennedy

The proliferation of generative models, such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Diffusion Models, and Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), has enabled the synthesis of high-quality multimedia data. However, these advancements have also…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Arpan Mahara , Naphtali Rishe

Information security is a critical issue in modern society and image watermarking can effectively prevent unauthorized information access. Optical image watermarking techniques generally have advantages of parallel high-speed processing and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Shuming Jiao , Changyuan Zhou , Yishi Shi , Wenbin Zou , Xia Li

Integrating watermarks into generative images is a critical strategy for protecting intellectual property and enhancing artificial intelligence security. This paper proposes Plug-in Generative Watermarking (PiGW) as a general framework for…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Rui Ma , Mengxi Guo , Li Yuming , Hengyuan Zhang , Cong Ma , Yuan Li , Xiaodong Xie , Shanghang Zhang

Watermarking has recently emerged as a crucial tool for protecting the intellectual property of generative models and for distinguishing AI-generated content from human-generated data. Despite its practical success, most existing…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-08 Hengzhi He , Shirong Xu , Alexander Nemecek , Jiping Li , Erman Ayday , Guang Cheng

Digital watermarking has shown its effectiveness in protecting multimedia content. However, existing watermarking is predominantly tailored for specific media types, rendering them less effective for the protection of content displayed on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Xiujian Liang , Gaozhi Liu , Yichao Si , Xiaoxiao Hu , Zhenxing Qian

In this study, we investigate the vulnerability of image watermarks to diffusion-model-based image editing, a challenge exacerbated by the computational cost of accessing gradient information and the closed-source nature of many diffusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Minzhou Pan , Yi Zeng , Xue Lin , Ning Yu , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Peter Henderson , Ruoxi Jia

We propose a high-payload image watermarking method for textual embedding, where a semantic description of the image - which may also correspond to the input text prompt-, is embedded inside the image. In order to be able to robustly embed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Benedetta Tondi , Andrea Costanzo , Mauro Barni

With the rapid advancement of generative models, the realism of AI-generated images has significantly improved, posing critical challenges for verifying digital content authenticity. Current deepfake detection methods often depend on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Jiarui Wang , Huiyu Duan , Juntong Wang , Ziheng Jia , Woo Yi Yang , Xiaorong Zhu , Yu Zhao , Jiaying Qian , Yuke Xing , Guangtao Zhai , Xiongkuo Min

Content-independent watermarks and block-wise independency can be considered as vulnerabilities in semi-fragile watermarking methods. In this paper to achieve the objectives of semi-fragile watermarking techniques, a method is proposed to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Samira Hosseini , Mojtaba Mahdavi

Generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen-AI) models are increasingly used to produce content across domains, including text, images, and audio. While these models represent a major technical breakthrough, they gain their generative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Pascal Epple , Igor Shilov , Bozhidar Stevanoski , Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye

Watermarking generative-AI systems, such as LLMs, has gained considerable interest, driven by their enhanced capabilities across a wide range of tasks. Although current approaches have demonstrated that small, context-dependent shifts in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Piotr Molenda , Adian Liusie , Mark J. F. Gales

Potential harms of Large Language Models such as mass misinformation and plagiarism can be partially mitigated if there exists a reliable way to detect machine generated text. In this paper, we propose a new watermarking method to detect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Kaan Efe Keleş , Ömer Kaan Gürbüz , Mucahid Kutlu

Watermarking is an operation of embedding an information into an image in a way that allows to identify ownership of the image despite applying some distortions on it. In this paper, we presented a novel end-to-end solution for embedding…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Marcin Plata , Piotr Syga

Robust invisible watermarking aims to embed hidden information into images such that the watermark can survive various image manipulations. However, the rise of powerful diffusion-based image generation and editing techniques poses a new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yunyi Ni , Finn Carter , Ze Niu , Emily Davis , Bo Zhang

Image watermarking is a technique for hiding information into images that can withstand distortions while requiring the encoded image to be perceptually identical to the original image. Recent work based on deep neural networks (DNN) has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Guanhui Ye , Jiashi Gao , Wei Xie , Bo Yin , Xuetao Wei

Image watermarking involves embedding and extracting watermarks within a cover image, with deep learning approaches emerging to bolster generalization and robustness. Predominantly, current methods employ convolution and concatenation for…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Agnibh Dasgupta , Xin Zhong

DNN-based watermarking methods are rapidly developing and delivering impressive performances. Recent advances achieve resolution-agnostic image watermarking by reducing the variant resolution watermarking problem to a fixed resolution…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yuchen Wang , Xingyu Zhu , Guanhui Ye , Shiyao Zhang , Xuetao Wei

Deepfakes, created using advanced AI techniques such as Variational Autoencoder and Generative Adversarial Networks, have evolved from research and entertainment applications into tools for malicious activities, posing significant threats…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Yamini Sri Krubha , Aryana Hou , Braden Vester , Web Walker , Xin Wang , Li Lin , Shu Hu