English
Related papers

Related papers: Provably Efficient Action-Manipulation Attack Agai…

200 papers

We study computationally and statistically efficient reinforcement learning under the linear $Q^{\pi}$ realizability assumption, where any policy's $Q$-function is linear in a given state-action feature representation. Prior methods in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yijing Ke , Zihan Zhang , Ruosong Wang

Recent research has confirmed the feasibility of backdoor attacks in deep reinforcement learning (RL) systems. However, the existing attacks require the ability to arbitrarily modify an agent's observation, constraining the application…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Lun Wang , Zaynah Javed , Xian Wu , Wenbo Guo , Xinyu Xing , Dawn Song

We study tabular reinforcement learning problems with multiple steps of lookahead information. Before acting, the learner observes $\ell$ steps of future transition and reward realizations: the exact state the agent would reach and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Nadav Merlis

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success across diverse domains, enabling autonomous systems to learn and adapt to dynamic environments by optimizing a reward function. However, this reliance on reward signals creates a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Bokang Zhang , Chaojun Lu , Jianhui Li , Junfeng Wu

We propose a black-box reduction that turns a certain reinforcement learning algorithm with optimal regret in a (near-)stationary environment into another algorithm with optimal dynamic regret in a non-stationary environment, importantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Chen-Yu Wei , Haipeng Luo

With the increasing system complexity and attack sophistication, the necessity of autonomous cyber defense becomes vivid for cyber and cyber-physical systems (CPSs). Many existing frameworks in the current state-of-the-art either rely on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Ashutosh Dutta , Ehab Al-Shaer , Samrat Chatterjee

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) often struggles to ensure the safe behaviours of the learning agents, and therefore it is generally not adapted to safety-critical applications. To address this issue, we present a methodology that…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-04-05 Pierre El Mqirmi , Francesco Belardinelli , Borja G. León

We consider reinforcement learning (RL) in Markov Decision Processes in which an agent repeatedly interacts with an environment that is modeled by a controlled Markov process. At each time step $t$, it earns a reward, and also incurs a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Rahul Singh , Abhishek Gupta , Ness B. Shroff

We study the reinforcement learning (RL) problem in a constrained Markov decision process (CMDP), where an agent explores the environment to maximize the expected cumulative reward while satisfying a single constraint on the expected total…

We study a security threat to reinforcement learning where an attacker poisons the learning environment to force the agent into executing a target policy chosen by the attacker. As a victim, we consider RL agents whose objective is to find…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Amin Rakhsha , Goran Radanovic , Rati Devidze , Xiaojin Zhu , Adish Singla

Continuous control Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches are known to suffer from estimation biases, leading to suboptimal policies. This paper introduces innovative methods in RL, focusing on addressing and exploiting estimation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Niccolò Turcato , Alberto Sinigaglia , Alberto Dalla Libera , Ruggero Carli , Gian Antonio Susto

When learning to behave in a stochastic environment where safety is critical, such as driving a vehicle in traffic, it is natural for human drivers to plan fallback strategies as a backup to use if ever there is an unexpected change in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Ugo Lecerf , Christelle Yemdji-Tchassi , Sébastien Aubert , Pietro Michiardi

In practice, reinforcement learning (RL) agents are often trained with a possibly imperfect proxy reward function, which may lead to a human-agent alignment issue (i.e., the learned policy either converges to non-optimal performance with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Zhaohui Jiang , Xuening Feng , Paul Weng , Yifei Zhu , Yan Song , Tianze Zhou , Yujing Hu , Tangjie Lv , Changjie Fan

In reinforcement learning, an agent interacts sequentially with an environment to maximize a reward, receiving only partial, probabilistic feedback. This creates a fundamental exploration-exploitation trade-off: the agent must explore to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Josep Lumbreras , Ruo Cheng Huang , Yanglin Hu , Marco Fanizza , Mile Gu

Reinforcement learning (RL) makes an agent learn from trial-and-error experiences gathered during the interaction with the environment. Recently, offline RL has become a popular RL paradigm because it saves the interactions with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Chen Gong , Zhou Yang , Yunpeng Bai , Junda He , Jieke Shi , Kecen Li , Arunesh Sinha , Bowen Xu , Xinwen Hou , David Lo , Tianhao Wang

Reinforcement learning (RL) is ubiquitous in the development of modern AI systems. However, state-of-the-art RL agents require extensive, and potentially unsafe, interactions with their environments to learn effectively. These limitations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Yarden As , Bhavya Sukhija , Lenart Treven , Carmelo Sferrazza , Stelian Coros , Andreas Krause

A recent goal in the Reinforcement Learning (RL) framework is to choose a sequence of actions or a policy to maximize the reward collected or minimize the regret incurred in a finite time horizon. For several RL problems in operation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-18 K J Prabuchandran , Tejas Bodas , Theja Tulabandhula

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has emerged as a promising approach for robotic control, but its realworld deployment remains challenging due to its vulnerability to environmental perturbations. Existing white-box adversarial attack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Zongyuan Zhang , Tianyang Duan , Zheng Lin , Dong Huang , Zihan Fang , Zekai Sun , Ling Xiong , Hongbin Liang , Heming Cui , Yong Cui , Yue Gao

This paper proposes an online environment poisoning algorithm tailored for reinforcement learning agents operating in a black-box setting, where an adversary deliberately manipulates training data to lead the agent toward a mischievous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jianhui Li , Bokang Zhang , Junfeng Wu

The inputs and preferences of human users are important considerations in situations where these users interact with autonomous cyber or cyber-physical systems. In these scenarios, one is often interested in aligning behaviors of the system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Luyao Niu , Andrew Clark , Radha Poovendran