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Deep neural networks (DNNs) are known to be vulnerable to both backdoor attacks as well as adversarial attacks. In the literature, these two types of attacks are commonly treated as distinct problems and solved separately, since they belong…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Bingxu Mu , Zhenxing Niu , Le Wang , Xue Wang , Rong Jin , Gang Hua

Model extraction attacks (MEAs) enable an attacker to replicate the functionality of a victim deep neural network (DNN) model by only querying its API service remotely, posing a severe threat to the security and integrity of pay-per-query…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Di Mi , Yanjun Zhang , Leo Yu Zhang , Shengshan Hu , Qi Zhong , Haizhuan Yuan , Shirui Pan

The rapid proliferation of deep neural networks (DNNs) across several domains has led to increasing concerns regarding intellectual property (IP) protection and model misuse. Trained DNNs represent valuable assets, often developed through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Sangeeth B , Serena Nicolazzo , Deepa K. , Vinod P

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) in Computer Vision (CV) are well-known to be vulnerable to Adversarial Examples (AEs), namely imperceptible perturbations added maliciously to cause wrong classification results. Such variability has been a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Yi Zeng , Han Qiu , Gerard Memmi , Meikang Qiu

Machine learning with deep neural networks (DNNs) has become one of the foundation techniques in many safety-critical systems, such as autonomous vehicles and medical diagnosis systems. DNN-based systems, however, are known to be vulnerable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Yijun Yang , Ruiyuan Gao , Yu Li , Qiuxia Lai , Qiang Xu

Protecting the Intellectual Property rights of DNN models is of primary importance prior to their deployment. So far, the proposed methods either necessitate changes to internal model parameters or the machine learning pipeline, or they…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Kassem Kallas , Teddy Furon

Watermarking has been widely adopted for protecting the intellectual property (IP) of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) to defend the unauthorized distribution. Unfortunately, the popular data-poisoning DNN watermarking scheme relies on target…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Run Wang , Jixing Ren , Boheng Li , Tianyi She , Chenhao Lin , Liming Fang , Jing Chen , Chao Shen , Lina Wang

Deep neural networks (DNNs) and generative AI (GenAI) are increasingly vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where adversaries embed triggers into inputs to cause models to misclassify or misinterpret target labels. Beyond traditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Kyle Stein , Andrew A. Mahyari , Guillermo Francia , Eman El-Sheikh

Watermarking of deep neural networks (DNNs) has gained significant traction in recent years, with numerous (watermarking) strategies being proposed as mechanisms that can help verify the ownership of a DNN in scenarios where these models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Giulio Pagnotta , Dorjan Hitaj , Briland Hitaj , Fernando Perez-Cruz , Luigi V. Mancini

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), as valuable intellectual property, face unauthorized use. Existing protections, such as digital watermarking, are largely passive; they provide only post-hoc ownership verification and cannot actively prevent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Han Yang , Shaofeng Li , Tian Dong , Xiangyu Xu , Guangchi Liu , Zhen Ling

Recently, a special type of data poisoning (DP) attack targeting Deep Neural Network (DNN) classifiers, known as a backdoor, was proposed. These attacks do not seek to degrade classification accuracy, but rather to have the classifier learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Zhen Xiang , David J. Miller , George Kesidis

Training a high-performance deep neural network requires large amounts of data and computational resources. Protecting the intellectual property (IP) and commercial ownership of a deep model is challenging yet increasingly crucial. A major…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Shuyang Yu , Junyuan Hong , Haobo Zhang , Haotao Wang , Zhangyang Wang , Jiayu Zhou

Recent attacks on Machine Learning (ML) models such as evasion attacks with adversarial examples and models stealing through extraction attacks pose several security and privacy threats. Prior work proposes to use adversarial training to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Kacem Khaled , Gabriela Nicolescu , Felipe Gohring de Magalhães

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become the essential components for various commercialized machine learning services, such as Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS). Recent studies show that machine learning services face severe privacy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Xiaoyong Yuan , Leah Ding , Lan Zhang , Xiaolin Li , Dapeng Wu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to backdoor attacks which can hide backdoor triggers in DNNs by poisoning training data. A backdoored model behaves normally on clean test images, yet consistently predicts a particular target…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Shihao Zhao , Xingjun Ma , Xiang Zheng , James Bailey , Jingjing Chen , Yu-Gang Jiang

A significant number of machine learning models are vulnerable to model extraction attacks, which focus on stealing the models by using specially curated queries against the target model. This task is well accomplished by using part of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Harshit Shah , Aravindhan G , Pavan Kulkarni , Yuvaraj Govidarajulu , Manojkumar Parmar

Deep Neural Networks have created a paradigm shift in our ability to comprehend raw data in various important fields ranging from computer vision and natural language processing to intelligence warfare and healthcare. While DNNs are…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Huili Chen , Bita Darvish Rouhani , Farinaz Koushanfar

The commercialization of deep learning creates a compelling need for intellectual property (IP) protection. Deep neural network (DNN) watermarking has been proposed as a promising tool to help model owners prove ownership and fight piracy.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Jia Guo , Miodrag Potkonjak

Machine learning (ML) models, e.g., deep neural networks (DNNs), are vulnerable to adversarial examples: malicious inputs modified to yield erroneous model outputs, while appearing unmodified to human observers. Potential attacks include…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-03-21 Nicolas Papernot , Patrick McDaniel , Ian Goodfellow , Somesh Jha , Z. Berkay Celik , Ananthram Swami

Engineering a top-notch deep learning model is an expensive procedure that involves collecting data, hiring human resources with expertise in machine learning, and providing high computational resources. For that reason, deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Omid Aramoon , Pin-Yu Chen , Gang Qu