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Over-the-Air Federated Learning (AirFL) is an emerging paradigm that tightly integrates wireless signal processing and distributed machine learning to enable scalable AI at the network edge. By leveraging the superposition property of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Seyed Mohammad Azimi-Abarghouyi , Carlo Fischione , Kaibin Huang

This paper considers over-the-air federated learning (OTA-FL). OTA-FL exploits the superposition property of the wireless medium, and performs model aggregation over the air for free. Thus, it can greatly reduce the communication cost…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Haibo Yang , Peiwen Qiu , Jia Liu , Aylin Yener

Federated learning (FL), as an emerging distributed machine learning paradigm, allows a mass of edge devices to collaboratively train a global model while preserving privacy. In this tutorial, we focus on FL via over-the-air computation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Jingyang Zhu , Yuanming Shi , Yong Zhou , Chunxiao Jiang , Wei Chen , Khaled B. Letaief

In 6G wireless networks, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven applications demand the adoption of Federated Learning (FL) to enable efficient and privacy-preserving model training across distributed devices. Over-The-Air Federated Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Zubair Shaban , Nazreen Shah , Ranjitha Prasad

Over-the-air computation (AirComp) has recently been identified as a prominent technique to enhance communication efficiency of wireless federated learning (FL). This letter investigates the impact of channel state information (CSI)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Jiacheng Yao , Zhaohui Yang , Wei Xu , Dusit Niyato , Xiaohu You

In this paper, we propose a hybrid learning framework that combines federated and split learning, termed semi-federated learning (SemiFL), in which over-the-air computation is utilized for gradient aggregation. A key idea is to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-26 Jingheng Zheng , Hui Tian , Wanli Ni , Yang Tian , Ping Zhang

For distributed learning among collaborative users, this paper develops and analyzes a communication-efficient scheme for federated learning (FL) over the air, which incorporates 1-bit compressive sensing (CS) into analog aggregation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Xin Fan , Yue Wang , Yan Huo , Zhi Tian

Federated learning (FL) is a promising learning paradigm that can tackle the increasingly prominent isolated data islands problem while keeping users' data locally with privacy and security guarantees. However, FL could result in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Peng Yang , Yuning Jiang , Ting Wang , Yong Zhou , Yuanming Shi , Colin N. Jones

Vertical federated learning (FL) is a collaborative machine learning framework that enables devices to learn a global model from the feature-partition datasets without sharing local raw data. However, as the number of the local intermediate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Yuanming Shi , Shuhao Xia , Yong Zhou , Yijie Mao , Chunxiao Jiang , Meixia Tao

Privacy and bandwidth constraints have led to the use of federated learning (FL) in wireless systems, where training a machine learning (ML) model is accomplished collaboratively without sharing raw data. While using bandwidth-constrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Ayush Madhan-Sohini , Divin Dominic , Nazreen Shah , Ranjitha Prasad

Distributed machine learning (ML) over wireless networks hinges on accurate channel state information (CSI) and efficient exchange of high-dimensional model updates. These demands are governed by channel coherence time and bandwidth, which…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Mehdi Karbalayghareh , David J. Love , Christopher G. Brinton

In this paper, we consider communication-efficient over-the-air federated learning (FL), where multiple edge devices with non-independent and identically distributed datasets perform multiple local iterations in each communication round and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-29 Yinan Zou , Zixin Wang , Xu Chen , Haibo Zhou , Yong Zhou

Federated Learning (FL) is a well-known framework for successfully performing a learning task in an edge computing scenario where the devices involved have limited resources and incomplete data representation. The basic assumption of FL is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Lorenzo Valerio , Chiara Boldrini , Andrea Passarella , János Kertész , Márton Karsai , Gerardo Iñiguez

Over-the-air (OTA) federated learning (FL) has been well recognized as a scalable paradigm that exploits the waveform superposition of the wireless multiple-access channel to aggregate model updates in a single use. Existing OTA-FL designs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Muhammad Faraz Ul Abrar , Nicolò Michelusi

Over-the-air computation is a communication-efficient solution for federated learning (FL). In such a system, iterative procedure is performed: Local gradient of private loss function is updated, amplified and then transmitted by every…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Rongfei Fan , Xuming An , Shiyuan Zuo , Han Hu

Federated learning (FL) aims at optimizing a shared global model over multiple edge devices without transmitting (private) data to the central server. While it is theoretically well-known that FL yields an optimal model -- centrally trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Youngjoon Lee , Sangwoo Park , Joonhyuk Kang

In federated learning (FL), heterogeneity among the local dataset distributions of clients can result in unsatisfactory performance for some, leading to an unfair model. To address this challenge, we propose an over-the-air fair federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Shayan Mohajer Hamidi , Ali Bereyhi , Saba Asaad , H. Vincent Poor

Federated learning (FL) as a promising edge-learning framework can effectively address the latency and privacy issues by featuring distributed learning at the devices and model aggregation in the central server. In order to enable efficient…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Chunmei Xu , Shengheng Liu , Zhaohui Yang , Yongming Huang , Kai-Kit Wong

Over-the-air federated learning (OTA-FL) unifies communication and model aggregation by leveraging the inherent superposition property of the wireless medium. This strategy can enable scalable and bandwidth-efficient learning via…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Jiayu Mao , Aylin Yener

Over-the-Air Federated Learning (OTA-FL) is a privacy-preserving distributed learning mechanism, by aggregating updates in the electromagnetic channel rather than at the server. A critical research gap in existing OTA-FL research is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Jinsheng Yuan , Zhuangkun Wei , Weisi Guo
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