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Large Language Models (LLMs) have seen great advance in both academia and industry, and their popularity results in numerous open-source frameworks and techniques in accelerating LLM pre-training, fine-tuning, and inference. Training and…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Longteng Zhang , Xiang Liu , Zeyu Li , Xinglin Pan , Peijie Dong , Ruibo Fan , Rui Guo , Xin Wang , Qiong Luo , Shaohuai Shi , Xiaowen Chu

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise for automated code optimization but struggle without performance context. This work introduces Opal, a modular framework that connects performance analytics insights with the vast body of published…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Mohammad Zaeed , Tanzima Z. Islam , Vladimir Inđić

With the success of pre-trained visual-language (VL) models such as CLIP in visual representation tasks, transferring pre-trained models to downstream tasks has become a crucial paradigm. Recently, the prompt tuning paradigm, which draws…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Jingsheng Gao , Jiacheng Ruan , Suncheng Xiang , Zefang Yu , Ke Ji , Mingye Xie , Ting Liu , Yuzhuo Fu

Nowadays, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been trained using extended context lengths to foster more creative applications. However, long context training poses great challenges considering the constraint of GPU memory. It not only leads…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Pinxue Zhao , Hailin Zhang , Fangcheng Fu , Xiaonan Nie , Qibin Liu , Fang Yang , Yuanbo Peng , Dian Jiao , Shuaipeng Li , Jinbao Xue , Yangyu Tao , Bin Cui

One of the challenges in robotics is to enable robotic units with the reasoning capability that would be robust enough to execute complex tasks in dynamic environments. Recent advances in LLMs have positioned them as go-to tools for simple…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Jiaqiang Ye Zhu , Carla Gomez Cano , David Vazquez Bermudez , Michal Drozdzal

Large language models (LLMs) can translate natural language instructions into executable action plans for robotics, autonomous driving, and other domains. Yet, deploying LLM-driven planning in the physical world demands strict adherence to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yunhao Yang , Junyuan Hong , Gabriel Jacob Perin , Zhiwen Fan , Li Yin , Zhangyang Wang , Ufuk Topcu

Federated bilevel optimization (FBO) has shown great potential recently in machine learning and edge computing due to the emerging nested optimization structure in meta-learning, fine-tuning, hyperparameter tuning, etc. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Yifan Yang , Peiyao Xiao , Kaiyi Ji

The growing adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various domains has driven the demand for efficient and scalable AI-serving solutions. Deploying LLMs requires optimizations to manage their significant computational and data…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Junsoo Kim , Hunjong Lee , Geonwoo Ko , Gyubin Choi , Seri Ham , Seongmin Hong , Joo-Young Kim

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as an effective approach for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), especially in scenarios where supervised fine-tuning (SFT) falls short due to limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jian Xiong , Jingbo Zhou , Jingyong Ye , Qiang Huang , Dejing Dou

In this work, we present a learning based approach to analog circuit design, where the goal is to optimize circuit performance subject to certain design constraints. One of the aspects that makes this problem challenging to optimize, is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Wook Lee , Frans A. Oliehoek

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in enterprise workflows, yet their performance remains highly sensitive to prompt design. Automatic Prompt Optimization (APO) seeks to mitigate this instability, but existing approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Wei Chen , Yanbin Fang , Shuran Fu , Fasheng Xu , Xuan Wei

Finite element based simulation of phenomena governed by partial differential equations is a standard tool in many engineering workflows today. However, the simulation of complex geometries is computationally expensive. Many engineering…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-08-07 Andreas Buhr

Robots have been used in all sorts of automation, and yet the design of robots remains mainly a manual task. We seek to provide design tools to automate the design of robots themselves. An important challenge in robot design automation is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Jiaheng Hu , Julian Whiman , Howie Choset

Current safety alignment techniques for large language models (LLMs) face two key challenges: (1) under-generalization, which leaves models vulnerable to novel jailbreak attacks, and (2) over-alignment, which leads to the excessive refusal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yutao Mou , Yuxiao Luo , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye

To address data locality and privacy restrictions, Federated Learning (FL) has recently been adopted to fine-tune large language models (LLMs), enabling improved performance on various downstream tasks without requiring aggregated data.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Han Liu , Ruoyao Wen , Srijith Nair , Jia Liu , Wenjing Lou , Chongjie Zhang , William Yeoh , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Ning Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) with mixture-of-experts (MoE) architectures achieve remarkable scalability by sparsely activating a subset of experts per token, yet their frequent expert switching creates memory bandwidth bottlenecks that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Wenyong Zhou , Yuannuo Feng , Yizhe Chen , Taiqiang Wu , Wendong Xu , Wenbo Qi , Zhengwu Liu , Wang Kang , Ngai Wong

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for automatic algorithm design (AAD). However, existing pipelines remain inefficient. They operate at the granularity of full algorithms, redundantly rewriting recurring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Maxime Bouscary , Manxi Wu , Saurabh Amin

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved great success across diverse tasks, and fine-tuning is sometimes needed to further enhance generation quality. Most existing methods rely on human supervision or parameter retraining, both of which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zhen-Yu Zhang , Jiandong Zhang , Huaxiu Yao , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with zeroth-order (ZO) optimization reduces memory by approximating gradients through function evaluations. However, existing methods essentially perform updates in a one-dimensional space, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Jian Feng , Zhihong Huang

This study explores a novel approach to enhance the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) through the optimization of input data within prompts. While previous research has primarily focused on refining instruction components and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Sam Lin , Wenyue Hua , Lingyao Li , Zhenting Wang , Yongfeng Zhang