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Related papers: The Illusion of Empathy: How AI Chatbots Shape Con…

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Existing emotion-aware conversational models usually focus on controlling the response contents to align with a specific emotion class, whereas empathy is the ability to understand and concern the feelings and experience of others. Hence,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Yanran Li , Ke Li , Hongke Ning , xiaoqiang Xia , Yalong Guo , Chen Wei , Jianwei Cui , Bin Wang

Individuals are turning to increasingly anthropomorphic, general-purpose chatbots for AI companionship, rather than roleplay-specific platforms. However, not much is known about how individuals perceive and conduct their relationships with…

The dynamics of human-AI communication have been reshaped by language models such as ChatGPT. However, extant research has primarily focused on dyadic communication, leaving much to be explored regarding the dynamics of human-AI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Sion Yoon , Tae Eun Kim , Yoo Jung Oh

Conversational agents are increasingly used as support tools along mental therapeutic pathways with significant societal impacts. In particular, empathy is a key non-functional requirement in therapeutic contexts, yet current chatbot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Francesco Dettori , Matteo Forasassi , Lorenzo Veronese , Livia Lestingi , Vincenzo Scotti , Matteo Giovanni Rossi

AI companion chatbots are increasingly used for emotional support, with prior work in the domain predominantly documenting their mixed psychosocial impacts, including both increased emotional expression and heightened loneliness. However,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Olivia Yan Huang , Monika Stodolska , Sharifa Sultana

This paper explores the efficacy of online versus offline evaluation methods in assessing conversational chatbots, specifically comparing first-party direct interactions with third-party observational assessments. By extending a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Ekaterina Svikhnushina , Pearl Pu

Artificial intelligence based chatbots have brought unprecedented business potential. This study aims to explore consumers trust and response to a text-based chatbot in ecommerce, involving the moderating effects of task complexity and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Xusen Cheng , Ying Bao , Alex Zarifis , Wankun Gong , Jian Mou

Chatbots powered by artificial intelligence (AI) have rapidly become a significant part of everyday life, with over a quarter of American adults using them multiple times per week. While these tools offer potential benefits and risks, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Joseph Heffner , Chongyu Qin , Martin Chadwick , Chris Knutsen , Christopher Summerfield , Zeb Kurth-Nelson , Robb B. Rutledge

As people increasingly seek emotional support and companionship from AI chatbots, understanding how such interactions impact mental well-being becomes critical. We conducted a four-week randomized controlled experiment (n=981, >300k…

Empathy is a vital factor that contributes to mutual understanding, and joint problem-solving. In recent years, a growing number of studies have recognized the benefits of empathy and started to incorporate empathy in conversational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Aravind Sesagiri Raamkumar , Yinping Yang

Intelligent conversational agents, or chatbots, can take on various identities and are increasingly engaging in more human-centered conversations with persuasive goals. However, little is known about how identities and inquiry strategies…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Weiyan Shi , Xuewei Wang , Yoo Jung Oh , Jingwen Zhang , Saurav Sahay , Zhou Yu

This paper examines how individuals perceive the credibility of content originating from human authors versus content generated by large language models, like the GPT language model family that powers ChatGPT, in different user interface…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Martin Huschens , Martin Briesch , Dominik Sobania , Franz Rothlauf

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems become increasingly embedded in everyday life, the ability of interactive agents to express empathy has become critical for effective human-AI interaction, particularly in emotionally sensitive…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Sung Park , Daeho Yoon , Jungmin Lee

AI conversational agents have demonstrated efficacy in social contact interventions for stigma reduction at a low cost. However, the underlying mechanisms of how interaction designs contribute to these effects remain unclear. This study…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Tianqi Song , Jack Jamieson , Tianwen Zhu , Naomi Yamashita , Yi-Chieh Lee

Many people suffer from mental health problems but not everyone seeks professional help or has access to mental health care. AI chatbots have increasingly become a go-to for individuals who either have mental disorders or simply want…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-03 Aditya Naik , Jovi Thomas , Teja Sree Mandava , Himavanth Reddy Vemula

As AI chatbots become integrated in education, students are turning to these systems for guidance, feedback, and information. However, the anthropomorphic characteristics of these chatbots create ambiguity over whether students develop…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Griffin Pitts , Sanaz Motamedi

Empathy is a cognitive and emotional reaction to an observed situation of others. Empathy has recently attracted interest because it has numerous applications in psychology and AI, but it is unclear how different forms of empathy (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Damilola Omitaomu , Shabnam Tafreshi , Tingting Liu , Sven Buechel , Chris Callison-Burch , Johannes Eichstaedt , Lyle Ungar , João Sedoc

Conversation agents, commonly referred to as chatbots, are increasingly deployed in many domains to allow people to have a natural interaction while trying to solve a specific problem. Given their widespread use, it is important to provide…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Biplav Srivastava , Francesca Rossi , Sheema Usmani , and Mariana Bernagozzi

AI chatbots designed as emotional companions blur the boundaries between interpersonal intimacy and institutional software, creating a complex, multi-dimensional privacy environment. Drawing on Communication Privacy Management theory and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Hsuen-Chi Chiu , Jeremy Foote

This paper describes an experimental evaluation aimed at detecting the users' perception of the robot's empathic abilities during a conversation. The results have been then analyzed to search for a possible relationship between the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Alberto Lillo , Alessandro Saracco , Elena Siletto , Claudio Mattutino , Cristina Gena