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Exploiting activation sparsity is a promising approach to significantly accelerating the inference process of large language models (LLMs) without compromising performance. However, activation sparsity is determined by activation functions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Yixin Song , Haotong Xie , Zhengyan Zhang , Bo Wen , Li Ma , Zeyu Mi , Haibo Chen

Sparse computation offers a compelling solution for the inference of Large Language Models (LLMs) in low-resource scenarios by dynamically skipping the computation of inactive neurons. While traditional approaches focus on ReLU-based LLMs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Zhengyan Zhang , Yixin Song , Guanghui Yu , Xu Han , Yankai Lin , Chaojun Xiao , Chenyang Song , Zhiyuan Liu , Zeyu Mi , Maosong Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) with billions of parameters have drastically transformed AI applications. However, their demanding computation during inference has raised significant challenges for deployment on resource-constrained devices.…

Activation sparsity refers to the existence of considerable weakly-contributed elements among activation outputs. As a prevalent property of the models using the ReLU activation function, activation sparsity has been proven a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Chenyang Song , Xu Han , Zhengyan Zhang , Shengding Hu , Xiyu Shi , Kuai Li , Chen Chen , Zhiyuan Liu , Guangli Li , Tao Yang , Maosong Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer strong capabilities but incur high inference costs due to dense computation and memory access. Training-free activation sparsity is a promising approach for efficient LLM inference, yet existing methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Lei Chen , Yuan Meng , Xiaoyu Zhan , Zhi Wang , Wenwu Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs), while demonstrating remarkable capabilities across various applications, present significant challenges during inference due to their substantial model size, especially when deployed on edge devices. Activation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Zhenyu Zhang , Zechun Liu , Yuandong Tian , Harshit Khaitan , Zhangyang Wang , Steven Li

Sparse activation, which selectively activates only an input-dependent set of neurons in inference, is a useful technique to reduce the computing cost of Large Language Models (LLMs) without retraining or adaptation efforts. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Jifeng Song , Kai Huang , Xiangyu Yin , Boyuan Yang , Wei Gao

Activation sparsity can enable practical inference speedups in large language models (LLMs) by reducing the compute and memory-movement required for matrix multiplications during the forward pass. However, existing methods face limitations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 James Liu , Pragaash Ponnusamy , Tianle Cai , Han Guo , Yoon Kim , Ben Athiwaratkun

Contextual sparsity is one of the approaches used to reduce computational complexity in the inference process of large language models (LLMs). Existing techniques for efficient LLM inference acceleration based on contextual sparsity with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Georgii Serbin , Kirill Koshkin , Zhongao Sun , Anastasiya Bistrigova , C. C. Korikov

In this paper, we demonstrate how to leverage 2:4 sparsity, a popular hardware-accelerated GPU sparsity pattern, to activations to accelerate large language model training and inference. Crucially we exploit the intrinsic sparsity found in…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success with their billion-level parameters, yet they incur high inference overheads. The emergence of activation sparsity in LLMs provides a natural approach to reduce this cost by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Haizhong Zheng , Xiaoyan Bai , Xueshen Liu , Z. Morley Mao , Beidi Chen , Fan Lai , Atul Prakash

Activation sparsity denotes the existence of substantial weakly-contributed elements within activation outputs that can be eliminated, benefiting many important applications concerned with large language models (LLMs). Although promoting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yuqi Luo , Chenyang Song , Xu Han , Yingfa Chen , Chaojun Xiao , Xiaojun Meng , Liqun Deng , Jiansheng Wei , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Large language models (LLMs) with billions of parameters have sparked a new wave of exciting AI applications. However, their high computational costs and memory demands during inference pose significant challenges. Adaptive sparse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Qinsi Wang , Saeed Vahidian , Hancheng Ye , Jianyang Gu , Jianyi Zhang , Yiran Chen

Inducing and leveraging sparse activations during training and inference is a promising avenue for improving the computational efficiency of deep networks, which is increasingly important as network sizes continue to grow and their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Ilan Price , Nicholas Daultry Ball , Samuel C. H. Lam , Adam C. Jones , Jared Tanner

Our community has greatly improved the efficiency of deep learning applications, including by exploiting sparsity in inputs. Most of that work, though, is for inference, where weight sparsity is known statically, and/or for specialized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Zhangxiaowen Gong , Houxiang Ji , Christopher Fletcher , Christopher Hughes , Josep Torrellas

In the era of large language models (LLMs), N:M sparsity has emerged as a structured compression technique critical for accelerating inference. While prior work has primarily focused on weight sparsity, it often suffers from significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Tai An , Ruwu Cai , Yanzhe Zhang , Yang Liu , Hao Chen , Pengcheng Xie , Sheng Chang , Yiwu Yao , Gongyi Wang

Activation sparsity offers a compelling route to accelerate large language model (LLM) inference by selectively suppressing hidden activations, yet existing approaches exhibit severe accuracy degradation at high sparsity. We show that this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Haotian Xu , Jiannan Yang , Tian Gao , Tsui-Wei Weng , Tengfei Ma

Activation sparsity can reduce the computational overhead and memory transfers during the forward pass of Large Language Model (LLM) inference. Existing methods face limitations, either demanding time-consuming recovery training that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Kai Liu , Bowen Xu , Shaoyu Wu , Xin Chen , Hao Zhou , Yongliang Tao , Lulu Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit significant activation sparsity, where only a subset of neurons are active for a given input. Although this sparsity presents opportunities to reduce computational cost, efficiently utilizing it requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Nobel Dhar , Bobin Deng , Md Romyull Islam , Xinyue Zhang , Kazi Fahim Ahmad Nasif , Kun Suo

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated proficiency across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks but often require additional training, such as continual pre-training and supervised fine-tuning. However, the costs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Da Ma , Lu Chen , Pengyu Wang , Hongshen Xu , Hanqi Li , Liangtai Sun , Su Zhu , Shuai Fan , Kai Yu
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