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As the commercial space economy expands, existing ground-based infrastructure faces severe bottlenecks in supporting the data-intensive continuous connectivity needs of next-generation "space users," including CubeSats, space data centers,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Sergi Aliaga , Ahmad Masihi , Vitaly Petrov , Marc Sanchez Net , Josep M. Jornet

Modern Earth Observation (EO) missions generate massive volumes of imagery that challenge existing downlink and ground-processing capabilities, particularly for time-critical applications. This work investigates how a low Earth orbit (LEO)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Beatriz Soret , Antonio M. Mercado-Martínez , Antonio Jurado-Navas , Nicolai D. Lyholm , Marco Moretti , Petar Popovski , Israel Leyva-Mayorga

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites have been envisioned as a significant component of the sixth generation (6G) network architecture for achieving ubiquitous coverage and seamless access. However, the implementation of LEO satellites is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Chenyu Wu , Shuai Han , Qian Chen , Yu Wang , Weixiao Meng , Abderrahim Benslimane

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are increasingly adopting laser (Free Space Optics, FSO) links to provide high-capacity communications. Although laser inter-satellite links offer high throughput and low latency, RF up- and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Cao-Vien Phung , Thomas Röthig , Admela Jukan

The increasing number of Anthropogenic Space Objects (ASOs) in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) poses a threat to the safety and sustainability of the space environment. Multiple companies are planning to launch large constellations of hundreds or…

Space Physics · Physics 2022-06-14 Andrea D'Ambrosio , Miles Lifson , Richard Linares

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations play a pivotal role in sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks by providing global coverage, massive connections, and huge capacity. In this paper, we present a novel LEO satellite…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Wenfei Yao , Xiaoming Chen , Qi Wang , Xingyu Peng

Earth observation satellites generate large amounts of real-time data for monitoring and managing time-critical events such as disaster relief missions. This presents a major challenge for satellite-to-ground communications operating under…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Sheikh Salman Hassan , Loc X. Nguyen , Yan Kyaw Tun , Zhu Han , Choong Seon Hong

Digital connectivity has become the foundation of prosperity and an essential need for functioning societies. Despite this dependence, limitation on Internet access remains a prevalent issue, largely hinged on socioeconomic and geographic…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Bassel Al Homssi , Akram Al-Hourani , Ke Wang , Phillip Conder , Sithamparanathan Kandeepan , Jinho Choi , Ben Allen , Ben Moores

Small satellites are integral to scientific, commercial, and defense missions, but reliance on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware broadens their attack surface. Although supply chain threats are well studied in other cyber-physical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jack Vanlyssel , Enrique Sobrados , Ramsha Anwar , Gruia-Catalin Roman , Afsah Anwar

The increasing adoption of System-on-Chip Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (SoC FPGAs) in AI-enabled satellite systems, valued for their reconfigurability and in-orbit update capabilities, introduces significant security challenges.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Huimin Li , Vusal Novruzov , Nikhilesh Singh , Lichao Wu , Mohamadreza Rostami , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

Interest in the use of the low earth orbit (LEO) in space - from $160 \text{ km}$ to $2000 \text{ km}$ - has skyrocketed; this is evident by the fact that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has partnered with various…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-11 Don-Roberts Emenonye , Harpreet S. Dhillon , R. Michael Buehrer

This paper proposes a robust resource allocation framework for a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite-enabled simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system, assisted by a ground-deployed simultaneously transmitting and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Zahra Rostamikafaki , Francois Chan , Claude D'Amours

The increase in space activities has increased the risks of space debris generation, affecting space safety and sustainability. Traditional space situational awareness (SSA) relies on single star trackers and ground-based tracking…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-05 Dianle Gong , Peng Hu

The landscape of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) is expanding with the emergence of low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations such as Pulsar, which are expected to play a key role in the future of positioning, navigation, and timing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-08 Jérôme Leclère , Thyagaraja Marathe , Tyler G. R. Reid

The low earth orbit (LEO) satellite network is undergoing rapid development with the maturing of satellite communications and rocket launch technologies, and the demand for a global coverage network. However, current satellite communication…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Zhuoao Xu , Gaojie Chen , Ryan Fernandez , Yue Gao , Rahim Tafazolli

This paper investigates satellite navigation and communication systems in both low-Earth-orbit (LEO) and medium-Earth-orbit (MEO) satellites, which systematically outlines the fundamental principles of satellite navigation systems (SNS),…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-26 Tianwei Hou , Da Guan , Yu Zhang , Anna Li , Arumugam Nallanathan

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites can be used to assist maritime wireless communications for wide-area data transmission. However, the extensive coverage of LEO satellites, combined with the openness of channels, can cause the communication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jiawei Huang , Aimin Wang , Geng Sun , Jiahui Li , Jiacheng Wang , Dusit Niyato , Victor C. M. Leung

Satellite missions demand ever greater connectivity, especially in the LEO regime. In this paper, we introduce the new mega-constellation services in space paradigm: we show that megaconstellations, deployed to offer innovative services to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-30 G. Maiolini Capez , M. A. Caceres , C. P. Bridges , S. Frey , R. Armellin , R. Garello , P. Bargellini

Recently, mega-constellations with a massive number of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites are being considered as a possible solution for providing global coverage due to relatively low latency and high throughput compared to geosynchronous…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Dong-Hyun Jung , Gyeongrae Im , Joon-Gyu Ryu , Seungkeun Park , Heejung Yu , Junil Choi

Satellite communications emerged as a promising extension to terrestrial networks in future 6G network research due to their extensive coverage in remote areas and ability to support the increasing traffic rate and heterogeneous networks.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-11 Nora Abdelsalam , Saif Al-Kuwari , Aiman Erbad