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Liquid crystal (LC) technology offers a cost-effective, scalable, energy-efficient, and continuous phase tunable realization of extremely large reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs). However, LC response time to achieve a desired…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-26 Mohamadreza Delbari , Robin Neuder , Alejandro Jiménez-Sáez , Arash Asadi , Vahid Jamali

Liquid crystal (LC) technology provides a low-power and scalable approach to implement a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). However, the LC-based RIS's phase-shift response is inherently frequency-dependent, which can lead to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-07 Mohamadreza Delbari , Qikai Zhou , Robin Neuder , Alejandro Jiménez-Sáez , Vahid Jamali

The reflecting antenna elements in most reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) use semiconductor-based (e.g., positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) diodes and varactors) phase shifters. Although effective, a drawback of this technology is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-09 Nairy Moghadas Gholian , Mohamadreza Delbari , Vahid Jamali , Arash Asadi

Liquid crystal (LC) is a promising hardware solution for implementing large RISs, as it is cost-effective, energy efficient, scalable, and capable of providing continuous phase shifts with low power consumption. However, the phase shift…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-22 Mohamadreza Delbari , Robin Neuder , Alejandro Jiménez-Sáez , Qikai Zhou , Vahid Jamali

Liquid crystal (LC) technology has emerged as a promising solution for large reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) at millimeter wave (mmWave) bands, offering advantages such as low power consumption, scalability, and continuously…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-18 Bowu Wang , Mohamadreza Delbari , Robin Neuder , Alejandro Jiménez-Sáez , Vahid Jamali

To enhance coverage and signal quality in millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have emerged as a game-changing solution to manipulate the wireless environment. Traditional semiconductor-based RISs…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-18 Le Hao , Robin Neuder , Mohamadreza Delbari , Alejandro Jiménez-Sáez , Vahid Jamali , Arash Asadi , Andrea Ortiz

LC technology is a promising hardware solution for realizing extremely large RISs due to its advantages in cost-effectiveness, scalability, energy efficiency, and continuous phase shift tunability. However, the slow response time of the LC…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-30 Mohamadreza Delbari , Robin Neuder , Alejandro Jiménez-Sáez , Arash Asadi , Vahid Jamali

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have emerged as a key technology for dynamically reshaping wireless propagation, enhancing coverage and mitigating blockages to enable more pervasive network connectivity. However, implementing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-22 Luis F. Abanto-Leon , Robin Neuder , Waqar Ahmed , Alejandro Jimenez Saez , Vahid Jamali , Arash Asadi

With the surge of theoretical work investigating Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) for wireless communication and sensing, there exists an urgent need of hardware solutions for the evaluation of these theoretical results and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Alejandro Jiménez-Sáez , Arash Asadi , Robin Neuder , Mohamadreza Delbari , Vahid Jamali

We introduce a phase hopping scheme for reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) in which the phases of the individual RIS elements are randomly varied with each transmitted symbol. This effectively converts slow fading into fast fading.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Karl-Ludwig Besser , Eduard A. Jorswieck

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a promising technology to enhance the spectral and energy efficiency in a wireless communication system. The design of the phase shifts of an RIS in every channel coherence interval demands a huge…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-15 Sadaf Syed , Dominik Semmler , Donia Ben Amor , Michael Joham , Wolfgang Utschick

Reconfigurable intelligent surface~(RIS) has drawn a great attention worldwide as it can create favorable propagation conditions by controlling the phase shifts of the reflected signals at the surface to enhance the communication quality.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-24 Hongliang Zhang , Boya Di , Lingyang Song , Zhu Han

This article presents a novel approach of using reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) in the transmitter of indoor visible light communication (VLC) systems to enhance data rate uniformity and maintain adequate illumination. In this…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-22 Sylvester Aboagye , Telex M. N. Ngatched , Alain R. Ndjiongue , Octavia A. Dobre , Hyundong Shin

This letter investigates the secrecy performance of wireless communication systems assisted by a fluid reconfigurable intelligent surface (FRIS). Unlike conventional reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) with fixed geometries, FRISs…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Masoud Kaveh , Farshad Rostami Ghadi , Francisco Hernando-Gallego , Diego Martín , Kai-Kit Wong , Riku Jäntti

The secure transmission of the simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) aided communication system is investigated. Considering the coupled phase shifts of STAR-RISs and the fair secrecy…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Zheng Zhang , Zhaolin Wang , Yuanwei Liu , Bingtao He , Lu Lv , Jian Chen

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has been recognized as a promising technique for the sixth generation (6G) of mobile communication networks. The key feature of RIS is to reconfigure the propagation environment via smart signal…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Abdelhamid Salem , Kai-Kit Wong , Chan-Byoung Chae

The concept of fluid reconfigurable intelligent surface (FRIS) upgrades the conventional reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) paradigm by empowering its reflecting elements with positioning reconfigurability. This letter aims to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Xusheng Zhu , Kai-Kit Wong , Boyi Tang , Wen Chen , Chan-Byoung Chae

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have been actively researched as a potential technique for future wireless communications, which intelligently ameliorate the signal propagation environment. In the conventional design, each RIS…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Qingchao Li , Mohammed El-Hajjar , Ibrahim Hemadeh , Arman Shojaeifard , Alain A. M. Mourad , Bruno Clerckx , Lajos Hanzo

The adoption of a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) for downlink multi-user communication from a multi-antenna base station is investigated in this paper. We develop energy-efficient designs for both the transmit power allocation and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Chongwen Huang , Alessio Zappone , George C. Alexandropoulos , Mérouane Debbah , Chau Yuen

In this letter, we investigate the secrecy rate of an reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided millimeter-wave (mmWave) system with hardware limitations. Compared to the RIS-aided systems in most existing works, we consider the case…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-04 Yue Xiu , Jun Zhao , Zhongpei Zhang
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