English
Related papers

Related papers: Restructuring Tractable Probabilistic Circuits

200 papers

Probabilistic circuits (PCs) are a prominent representation of probability distributions with tractable inference. While parameter learning in PCs is rigorously studied, structure learning is often more based on heuristics than on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Yang Yang , Gennaro Gala , Robert Peharz

Designing expressive generative models that support exact and efficient inference is a core question in probabilistic ML. Probabilistic circuits (PCs) offer a framework where this tractability-vs-expressiveness trade-off can be analyzed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Lorenzo Loconte , Stefan Mengel , Antonio Vergari

Probabilistic Circuits (PCs) are deep generative models that support exact and efficient probabilistic inference. Yet in autoregressive language modeling, PCs still lag behind Transformer-based large language models (LLMs), suggesting an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zhiyu Zhao , Xuejie Liu , Muhan Zhang , Anji Liu

A fundamental challenge in probabilistic modeling is to balance expressivity and inference efficiency. Tractable probabilistic models (TPMs) aim to directly address this tradeoff by imposing constraints that guarantee efficient inference of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 John Leland , YooJung Choi

Probabilistic circuits (PCs) are a promising avenue for probabilistic modeling, as they permit a wide range of exact and efficient inference routines. Recent ``deep-learning-style'' implementations of PCs strive for a better scalability,…

Probabilistic integral circuits (PICs) have been recently introduced as probabilistic models enjoying the key ingredient behind expressive generative models: continuous latent variables (LVs). PICs are symbolic computational graphs defining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Gennaro Gala , Cassio de Campos , Antonio Vergari , Erik Quaeghebeur

Circuit representations are becoming the lingua franca to express and reason about tractable generative and discriminative models. In this paper, we show how complex inference scenarios for these models that commonly arise in machine…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-12 Antonio Vergari , YooJung Choi , Anji Liu , Stefano Teso , Guy Van den Broeck

Probabilistic circuits (PCs) are models that allow exact and tractable probabilistic inference. In contrast to neural networks, they are often assumed to be well-calibrated and robust to out-of-distribution (OOD) data. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Fabrizio Ventola , Steven Braun , Zhongjie Yu , Martin Mundt , Kristian Kersting

The past decade has seen a significant interest in learning tractable probabilistic representations. Arithmetic circuits (ACs) were among the first proposed tractable representations, with some subsequent representations being instances of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-25 Arthur Choi , Adnan Darwiche

A large amount of recent research has the far-reaching goal of finding training methods for deep neural networks that can serve as alternatives to backpropagation (BP). A prominent example is predictive coding (PC), which is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Luca Pinchetti , Tommaso Salvatori , Yordan Yordanov , Beren Millidge , Yuhang Song , Thomas Lukasiewicz

Probabilistic Circuits (PCs) are prominent tractable probabilistic models, allowing for a range of exact inferences. This paper focuses on the main algorithm for training PCs, LearnSPN, a gold standard due to its efficiency, performance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Soroush Ghandi , Benjamin Quost , Cassio de Campos

Discrete probabilistic programs (DPPs) provide a highly expressive formalism for compactly defining arbitrary finite probabilistic models. This expressivity comes at a price: DPP inference is PSPACE-hard. In this work, we show that DPP…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Benedikt Peterseim , Milan Lopuhaä-Zwakenberg

Zhang et al. (ICML 2021, PLMR 139, pp. 12447-1245) introduced probabilistic generating circuits (PGCs) as a probabilistic model to unify probabilistic circuits (PCs) and determinantal point processes (DPPs). At a first glance, PGCs store a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Sanyam Agarwal , Markus Bläser

Probabilistic Circuits (PCs) have emerged as an efficient framework for representing and learning complex probability distributions. Nevertheless, the existing body of research on PCs predominantly concentrates on data-driven parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Athresh Karanam , Saurabh Mathur , Sahil Sidheekh , Sriraam Natarajan

Probabilistic circuits (PCs) offer a promising avenue to perform embedded reasoning under uncertainty. They support efficient and exact computation of various probabilistic inference tasks by design. Hence, hardware-efficient computation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Lingyun Yao , Martin Trapp , Jelin Leslin , Gaurav Singh , Peng Zhang , Karthekeyan Periasamy , Martin Andraud

End-to-end deep neural networks have achieved remarkable success across various domains but are often criticized for their lack of interpretability. While post hoc explanation methods attempt to address this issue, they often fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Weixin Chen , Simon Yu , Huajie Shao , Lui Sha , Han Zhao

Despite extensive progress on image generation, common deep generative model architectures are not easily applied to lossless compression. For example, VAEs suffer from a compression cost overhead due to their latent variables. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Anji Liu , Stephan Mandt , Guy Van den Broeck

Probabilistic Circuits (PCs) are a unified framework for tractable probabilistic models that support efficient computation of various probabilistic queries (e.g., marginal probabilities). One key challenge is to scale PCs to model large and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Anji Liu , Honghua Zhang , Guy Van den Broeck

Computing the expectation of kernel functions is a ubiquitous task in machine learning, with applications from classical support vector machines to exploiting kernel embeddings of distributions in probabilistic modeling, statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Wenzhe Li , Zhe Zeng , Antonio Vergari , Guy Van den Broeck

Predictive coding has emerged as an influential normative model of neural computation, with numerous extensions and applications. As such, much effort has been put into mapping PC faithfully onto the cortex, but there are issues that remain…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-03-07 Siavash Golkar , Tiberiu Tesileanu , Yanis Bahroun , Anirvan M. Sengupta , Dmitri B. Chklovskii