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We introduce a new language representation model called BERT, which stands for Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers. Unlike recent language representation models, BERT is designed to pre-train deep bidirectional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Jacob Devlin , Ming-Wei Chang , Kenton Lee , Kristina Toutanova

In the process of digital transformation, enterprises are faced with problems such as insufficient semantic understanding of unstructured data and lack of intelligent decision-making basis in driving mechanisms. This study proposes a method…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Huayi Liu

BERT achieves remarkable results in text classification tasks, it is yet not fully exploited, since only the last layer is used as a representation output for downstream classifiers. The most recent studies on the nature of linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Charaf Eddine Benarab , Shenglin Gui

We report a GPT-based multi-sentence language model for dialogue generation and document understanding. First, we propose a hierarchical GPT which consists of three blocks, i.e., a sentence encoding block, a sentence generating block, and a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-21 Jihyeon Roh , Huiseong Gim , Soo-Young Lee

Transformer-based pretrained models like BERT, GPT-2 and T5 have been finetuned for a large number of natural language processing (NLP) tasks, and have been shown to be very effective. However, while finetuning, what changes across layers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Pavan Kalyan Reddy Neerudu , Subba Reddy Oota , Mounika Marreddy , Venkateswara Rao Kagita , Manish Gupta

Transformer-based language models have shown an excellent ability to effectively capture and utilize contextual information. Although various analysis techniques have been used to quantify and trace the contribution of single contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Hamidreza Amirzadeh , Afra Alishahi , Hosein Mohebbi

Recently, Natural Language Processing (NLP) has witnessed an impressive progress in many areas, due to the advent of novel, pretrained contextual representation models. In particular, Devlin et al. (2019) proposed a model, called BERT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-09 Debora Nozza , Federico Bianchi , Dirk Hovy

Pre-trained models for Natural Languages (NL) like BERT and GPT have been recently shown to transfer well to Programming Languages (PL) and largely benefit a broad set of code-related tasks. Despite their success, most current methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Yue Wang , Weishi Wang , Shafiq Joty , Steven C. H. Hoi

In recent years, Natural Language Processing (NLP) models have achieved phenomenal success in linguistic and semantic tasks like text classification, machine translation, cognitive dialogue systems, information retrieval via Natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Sushant Singh , Ausif Mahmood

We consider the task of generating dialogue responses from background knowledge comprising of domain specific resources. Specifically, given a conversation around a movie, the task is to generate the next response based on background…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Nikita Moghe , Priyesh Vijayan , Balaraman Ravindran , Mitesh M. Khapra

The rapid development of quantum computing has demonstrated many unique characteristics of quantum advantages, such as richer feature representation and more secured protection on model parameters. This work proposes a vertical federated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Chao-Han Huck Yang , Jun Qi , Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Yu Tsao , Pin-Yu Chen

While large language models (LLMs) show great potential in temporal reasoning, most existing work focuses heavily on enhancing performance, often neglecting the explainable reasoning processes underlying the results. To address this gap, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Zihao Jiang , Ben Liu , Miao Peng , Wenjie Xu , Yao Xiao , Zhenyan Shan , Min Peng

Recent advances in natural language processing (NLP) may enable artificial intelligence (AI) models to generate writing that is identical to human written form in the future. This might have profound ethical, legal, and social…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Nuzhat Prova

Language is an outcome of our complex and dynamic human-interactions and the technique of natural language processing (NLP) is hence built on human linguistic activities. Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Katsuma Inoue , Soh Ohara , Yasuo Kuniyoshi , Kohei Nakajima

Language Models such as BERT have grown in popularity due to their ability to be pre-trained and perform robustly on a wide range of Natural Language Processing tasks. Often seen as an evolution over traditional word embedding techniques,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Nimesh Bhana , Terence L. van Zyl

The goal of text ranking is to generate an ordered list of texts retrieved from a corpus in response to a query. Although the most common formulation of text ranking is search, instances of the task can also be found in many natural…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Jimmy Lin , Rodrigo Nogueira , Andrew Yates

Missing sentence generation (or sentence infilling) fosters a wide range of applications in natural language generation, such as document auto-completion and meeting note expansion. This task asks the model to generate intermediate missing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Yichen Huang , Yizhe Zhang , Oussama Elachqar , Yu Cheng

Neural networks models for NLP are typically implemented without the explicit encoding of language rules and yet they are able to break one performance record after another. This has generated a lot of research interest in interpreting the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Mariya Toneva , Leila Wehbe

Recently, pre-trained Transformer based language models such as BERT and GPT, have shown great improvement in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, these models contain a large amount of parameters. The emergence of even…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Ofir Zafrir , Guy Boudoukh , Peter Izsak , Moshe Wasserblat

Models based on the transformer architecture, such as BERT, have marked a crucial step forward in the field of Natural Language Processing. Importantly, they allow the creation of word embeddings that capture important semantic information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Jacob Turton , David Vinson , Robert Elliott Smith